Pleural effusion can occur in many diseases, such as tuberculosis, lung tumor, pneumonia and so on. When pleural effusion occurs, patients need to further improve the relevant examination to clarify the diagnosis and take appropriate treatment according to the diagnosis. If antacids are detected in the sputum of the patient, the pleural effusion is considered to be caused by tuberculosis, and anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin and so on should be used for treatment. If the patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, the pleural effusion needs to be treated with aggressive anti-infective therapy. If the pleural effusion is caused by lung tumor, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or target cell drug treatment should be considered according to the condition, and at the same time, pleural puncture and fluid extraction are feasible to alleviate the symptoms and clarify the diagnosis.