Prevention of stroke includes primary prevention and secondary prevention. Primary prevention refers to the prevention of cerebrovascular disease by controlling risk factors in people who are already at risk for cerebrovascular disease. Secondary prevention refers to the prevention of recurrence of cerebrovascular disease by taking preventive measures for patients who already have cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, the prevention of stroke should be given high priority. Primary prevention of stroke: Primary prevention refers to reducing the risk of stroke in the population through early changes in unhealthy lifestyles and proactive control of various risk factors, and improving and eliminating risk factors aimed at reducing the incidence of stroke in asymptomatic people or delaying the age of onset of patients. In addition to age, gender, race and family genetics, the following risk factors for stroke have been identified: 1. Hypertension: Domestic and international studies have confirmed that hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke and can be intervened. A reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 5-6 mmHg is associated with a 42% reduction in stroke. Blood pressure control in people over 60 years of age with a simple increase in systolic blood pressure (>160 mmHg) can reduce the overall incidence of stroke by 36%. It is true that controlling hypertension can greatly reduce the risk of stroke, and long-term control of blood pressure in the normal range is most beneficial. 2, heart disease: various types of heart disease are closely related to stroke, prospective studies have found that regardless of the blood pressure level, the risk of stroke (mainly ischemic stroke) in people with heart disease is more than 2 times higher than those without heart disease, ischemic stroke is about 20% of the cardiogenic embolism. Patients with diagnosed heart disease should be treated actively. Appropriate antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy is of some significance in the prevention of ischemic stroke, but the effect on hemorrhagic stroke is unclear. Diabetes mellitus is considered an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of ischemic stroke by 3.6 times, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke also increases. Control of fasting blood glucose to ≤7 mmol/L by diet or medication is the key to prevention. 4. Hyperlipidemia: Recent studies have shown a relationship between plasma cholesterol levels and the development of stroke, mainly related to the lethality of stroke. Treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia can reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke by 19%-31%. 5, smoking: smoking is an important factor in the thickening of arterial plaque, but also increases blood viscosity and coagulation function, is an independent risk of ischemic stroke, mainly in long-term smokers, the risk of stroke is 6 times higher than that of nonsmokers, and the risk of stroke increases 1.82 times with long-term passive smoking. The risk of stroke can be reduced by 50% after quitting smoking. Alcohol consumption: Evidence from population studies shows that there is a direct measurement correlation between alcohol intake and hemorrhagic stroke, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is 3 times higher in long-term heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. However, the relationship between alcohol consumption and ischemic stroke is unclear. It is believed that the safe amount of alcohol consumption should not exceed 20-30g per day for men and 15-20g per day for women. 7. Obesity: Obesity can easily lead to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, so obese people are prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Several large studies in recent years have also shown that abdominal obesity in brain rows and increased body mass index in women both significantly increase the risk of stroke.