Most patients after varicocele surgery will improve to some extent the decline in sperm quality due to varicocele. If the decline in sperm quality is not due to a single factor of varicocele, then the sperm quality may not be able to improve after the surgery. Surgery for varicocele can significantly improve the patient’s scrotal distension and pain, and it can also help to improve sperm quality. So far, the mechanism of male infertility due to varicocele is not fully understood, and may be related to dysfunction due to reduced testicular volume and perfusion and decreased sperm quality. The mechanism of decreased sperm quality due to varicocele is complex. If the patient is suffering from decreased sperm quality due to varicocele, the sperm quality will be improved to a certain extent after the surgery. If the decline in sperm quality is not due to a single factor of varicocele, then sperm quality may not improve after surgery. Patients are advised to listen to the advice of specialists to identify the cause of the disease and then choose the best treatment plan according to their own conditions.