Kidney deficiency is a common type of evidence in Chinese medicine, not renal insufficiency as described by Western medicine, so the effect of kidney transplantation treatment is not very effective if it is not an indication for kidney transplantation. Kidney deficiency in Chinese medicine is a syndrome characterized by lumbar and knee weakness (a feeling of weakness in the waist and knees), tinnitus and deafness, forgetfulness, spermatorrhea, impotence, and so on. Kidney deficiency needs to be treated in Chinese medicine, according to the difference of kidney qi deficiency, kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, and kidney essence deficiency, using the corresponding Chinese medicine treatment to tonify the kidneys. Kidney replacement, i.e. kidney transplantation, is applicable to kidney failure and can serve the purpose of improving kidney function. Therefore, if a person with kidney deficiency does not have renal insufficiency, kidney transplantation does not have much efficacy for him. Clinical attention must be paid to the distinction between Western medicine organs and the five viscera and six bowels of Chinese medicine.