At the beginning of the New Year 2016, Cancer Statistics 2016 made its usual grand appearance, and what is more interesting is that together with it, Cancer Statistics China 2015 was also released. This is the first time that Chinese cancer statistics are featured in this journal, and the first author is Professor Chen Wanqing, Director of the National Center for Cancer Registry (NCCR), and the corresponding author is Academician He Jie of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The article reports the latest estimates of cancer incidence, mortality and survival in China, as well as trends in the major cancer types. The latest data on cancer epidemiology in China The trends of new cancer cases and deaths in China in general and in different gender groups between 2000 and 2011. Since the birth of the NCCR, and especially since the launch of the National Cancer Registry Program in 2008, there have been 308 population-based registries in China. The statistics in this report are derived from data from 72 of these registries from 2009 to 2011, covering a total of 6.5% of the country’s population. Based on the cancer incidence trends in these three years, the researchers predicted that the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2015 would be 4,292,000 and 2,814,000, respectively. This means that 8.3 people develop cancer and 5.2 people die from cancer every minute in China. Comparing the urban and rural data, the former has a significantly lower cancer incidence rate (191.5/100,000 vs. 213.6/100,000) and mortality rate (109.5/100,000 vs. 149.0/100,000) than the latter. In terms of regions, cancer incidence and mortality rates were highest in southwest China, followed by north and northwest China, and lowest in central China. Overall, lung cancer is the type of cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China. The top ten most common cancers in order are: lung cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer, brain tumor, and cancer of the brain. Looking at the data from 2000 to 2011, although the mortality rate due to cancer has decreased significantly for both men and women since 2006, with annual decline rates of 1.4% and 1.1%, respectively, the incidence rates have both increased, with men showing a slightly more stable The annual growth rate is 0.2% for men and 2.2% for women, which is a faster growth rate. Moreover, due to the large population base and the rapid progress of aging, the number of cancer-related deaths increased significantly during this period. Between 2000 and 2011, the five most common types of tumors in men were lung, stomach, esophageal, liver and colorectal cancers. These types of cancers accounted for two-thirds of all cases. During this period, the incidence of pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, brain and central nervous system tumors, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and leukemia demonstrated an increasing trend among men, while the incidence of stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, and liver cancer was decreasing. The five most common tumors in women are breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer, accounting for 60% of all cases. Among them, breast cancer is a female killer, accounting for 15% of the cases. In addition, among women, the incidence of colorectal, lung, breast, cervical, uterine and thyroid cancers have increased, while the incidence of stomach, esophageal and liver cancers have decreased. Prevention is the key Nowadays, cancer has become one of the leading causes of death in China, causing a heavy public health burden to the whole society. The reason for this is the growing population on one hand and the growing trend of aging population on the other. However, researchers point out that about 60% of cancers can be prevented and treated by reducing risk factor exposure and effective clinical management. For China, reducing chronic infections is the most effective means of cancer prevention. According to statistics, stomach cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori, liver cancer caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, and cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus together account for 29% of cancer-related deaths. Tobacco consumption is also an important cause of cancer and death, accounting for 23-25% of cancer-related deaths. 2010 data show that about half of all adult Chinese men are smokers, and the proportion of adolescent and young men who smoke is increasing. If this situation is not changed, from 2010 to 2020, 1 million people will die each year from tobacco-related diseases; in 2030, this number will double. Even more worrying is that smoking-related diseases will become apparent 20 to 30 years after smoking. This means that even with the introduction of tobacco control, the cancer load in China will continue to increase over the next decade. In addition to prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer is also very important to reduce deaths due to cancer. When Chinese people are diagnosed with cancer, the disease has often progressed to the middle to late stages, which makes the prognosis of the disease generally poorer and the survival period shorter. In the United States, on the other hand, due to improved early detection techniques and screening networks, the prognosis for all common cancers except lung cancer is relatively good and the overall mortality rate from cancer is significantly lower than in China. Finally, the researchers concluded that controlling air, soil and water pollution could also have a positive effect on reducing the cancer load in China.