Pediatric cerebral palsy refers to central motor deficits and postural abnormalities caused by non-progressive brain injury from before birth to one month after birth, and is currently the main motor disability in pediatrics, existing throughout life. There are approximately 15 million people with cerebral palsy worldwide, more than 50% of whom are mentally retarded and 30% of whom have epilepsy. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type of pediatric cerebral palsy, accounting for about two-thirds of all cerebral palsy patients, and is the type of cerebral palsy with the most positive treatment outcome. The movement of the limbs is mainly dependent on maintaining the tone and muscle strength of the corresponding muscles under the innervation of the nerves. When the brain is damaged for some reason, the brain’s inhibition of the lower nerves is reduced, and abnormal excitation of the lower nerves occurs, which clinically manifests as an increase in the corresponding muscle tone. The persistence of abnormally harmful high muscle tone leads to muscle contraction disorders, muscle atrophy, decreased muscle strength, and the occurrence of limb deformities. Currently, four basic understandings exist in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children, both domestically and internationally:① The damage to the central nervous system is non-progressive, but the abnormal muscle strength and deformities caused by spasticity are progressive. ②The currently available treatments can only correct the muscular imbalance and the bony deformity caused by the muscular imbalance, and cannot address the underlying problem of brain damage. ③The muscle imbalance and bony deformity will continue to worsen as the patient grows and develops. For some patients, the rate of deformity recurrence after surgery decreases continuously with age. ④The goal of treatment for cerebral palsy is to try to help the child increase muscle strength and motor function, reduce functional impairment, and strive to return to society. Based on the above understanding, the main modalities to correct abnormal muscle tone and muscle strength imbalance are: rehabilitation, dorsal rhizotomy of spinal nerves, selective peripheral neurotomy, and orthopedic surgery of tendons and bones. In the early stages of spastic cerebral palsy, when the abnormal muscle tone and strength impairment is still in the early stages, timely and regular rehabilitation can help the child maintain normal limb tone and muscle strength development. However, as the child grows older, when the harmful muscle tone increases to the point that it seriously affects the child’s motor function, rehabilitation alone can no longer meet the child’s treatment needs. Therefore, appropriate surgical neurotherapy to reduce the harmful muscle tone and provide a new platform for further muscle strength and tone rehabilitation is necessary. Currently, the main neurosurgical procedures for harmful muscle tone are selective dorsal root dissection and selective peripheral nerve narrowing. These two procedures, one performed in the lumbar region and one in the extremities, have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of the procedure needs to be made in relation to the patient’s condition. If muscle contractures or even joint deformities persist due to abnormal muscle tone and strength, orthopedic surgery is required. Therefore, surgery on the nerves should generally be chosen before or at the same time as orthopedic surgery. It is important to emphasize that regardless of the treatment modality, rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy is always the most basic form of treatment and needs to be maintained at all times. Because children with cerebral palsy often have a combination of other brain conditions such as epilepsy. Therefore, for each child with cerebral palsy, individualized and comprehensive treatment should be tailored to the child’s specific situation.