Pre-cancerous laryngeal lesions encompass a wide range of pathological changes from benign hyperplasia to severe atypical hyperplasia, and since the visual presentation of different lesions is generally similar, it is difficult to match the preoperative clinical assessment with the postoperative pathological results, especially in determining whether the lesions are malignant. Therefore, the balance between “over-treatment” and “under-treatment” is a special concern for laryngologists. In the past, the treatment of precancerous lesions was generally conservative and consisted of avoiding chronic irritation, abstaining from voice abuse, quitting smoking and alcohol, and giving antibiotics, hormones and antiviral drugs. Since there are no reliable indicators to determine the regression and prognosis of lesions, purely conservative treatment often delays the disease. More and more scholars believe that early intervention treatment of vocal cord leukoplakia can interrupt the pathological basis of its malignancy and make it regress to benign.