Nowadays, antibiotic treatment is becoming more and more standardized, and in order to reduce antibiotic resistance, the prophylactic use of antibiotics before surgery is advocated, that is, intravenous antibiotics are administered within 0.5-2 hours before surgery. The purpose of this is to maintain the concentration of antibiotic medication in the blood at a high level throughout the entire surgical procedure, and it is effective in preventing abdominal infections as well as bacterial infections of the incision during the surgical procedure. If the surgical procedure lasts more than 4 hours, antibiotics can be administered again. For elective surgeries, such as slow cholecystectomy or gastric or colorectal surgeries, a single prophylactic dose of antibiotics is required prior to the surgery, and antibiotics should not be used again after returning to the ward.