The perioperative period is the period of time from the beginning of the treatment associated with this surgery to the end of the treatment associated with this surgery. It includes 3 phases: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Preoperative preparation includes psychological preparation of the patient to relax the patient and avoid tension, and also includes physiological preparation of the patient, i.e., stopping smoking and drinking alcohol and preventing infection, and gastrointestinal preparation including 12 hours of fasting and 4 hours of water fasting before surgery. Intraoperative operation refers to the development of the surgical approach and the implementation of intraoperative surgery, hemostasis, the administration of anesthesia, and the induction of anesthesia. Postoperative management refers to the position of the patient for postoperative rest, monitoring and management of the patient’s heart, respiration, blood pressure, pulse, and drains, postoperative management of the patient’s diet, and disposal of the drains in many ways.