Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a possible risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with gallbladder stones, cholecystitis, and gallbladder polyps have an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by narrowing of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts with biliary fibrosis. It is a high risk factor for gallbladder cancer, and some studies have reported that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis have 10 times the risk of gallbladder cancer than healthy individuals. Because the possibility of malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps is higher in patients with primary sclerosing cholecystitis, it is currently believed that patients with primary sclerosing cholecystitis should undergo regular color Doppler ultrasound examination of the abdomen, and timely cholecystectomy should be performed if gallbladder polyps larger than 8mm are detected, so as to avoid the development of gallbladder cancer. It is recommended that patients should consult the doctor in time if they have any discomforts, and then treat them actively after perfect examination, so as to avoid affecting the prognosis.