Mesenchymal stem cells are early undifferentiated cells that have all the characteristics of stem cells with self-replication, self-division, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation. MSCs are mainly found in the bone marrow cavity, but also in other connective tissues such as bone trabeculae. MSCs play an important role in the normal development and maturation of hematopoietic stem cells, which provide the environment and various stimulating factors required for the growth and development of normal hematopoietic stem cells. In clinical practice, MSCs are often used in the treatment of hematologic and connective tissue diseases, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, for example, in patients with bone marrow transplantation, while injecting MSCs can promote the reconstruction of hematopoietic function faster. In addition, MSCs are also useful in the treatment of nerve injury and myocardial infarction injury, and have achieved better therapeutic effects.