The common cause of pain in bunions is that the metatarsophalangeal joint is usually subluxated and the joint capsule is stretched medially to produce a hyperplastic bone, with the head of the first metatarsal ejecting medially, and the skin thickening and forming a bursa under the skin due to long-term friction by the shoe upper. In severe cases, the metatarsophalangeal joint of the bunion can also produce osteoarthritis, which can cause pain. The main causes of pain in bunions are bunions and osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Patients experience a gradual increase in pain associated with changes in the bunion deformity. Therefore, treatment should be actively carried out in the early stages to correct the bunion and eliminate the local bunions and osteoarthritis, and if conservative treatment is ineffective in the late stages, surgery is required to correct it.