How is coronary heart disease treated?

  The diagnosis of coronary heart disease is mainly based on the patient’s risk factors for its development, clinical symptoms (mainly chest tightness and chest pain), changes in electrocardiogram, exercise panel examination, cardiac ECT, coronary CT, especially coronary angiography is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.  After decades of efforts, a complete system has been formed for the treatment of coronary heart disease: 1. Lifestyle improvement, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, healthy diet and proper exercise.  2.Medication, which can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms and slow down the development of the disease.  3, interventional therapy, has become the main treatment of coronary heart disease, and is the most promising means.  4.Surgical bypass surgery is still the last choice for patients with very serious lesions.  In the beginning of coronary interventions, balloons were simply used to dilate stenotic lesions. Although the technique is simple, after the balloon is withdrawn, most of the lesions will have different degrees of restenosis, and the patients will again have angina symptoms or even sudden acute myocardial infarction, which seriously affects the long-term treatment effect. According to statistics, the incidence of postoperative restenosis is as high as 70% with simple balloon dilatation.  In the following two decades, with the continuous improvement of science and technology, especially the development of new materials, the use of endovascular stents has become possible. Today, hundreds of thousands of patients with coronary artery disease undergo coronary stenting each year in the United States, which already accounts for two-thirds of all coronary artery reconstructive procedures (stenting and bypass surgery) and has become the mainstay of treatment for coronary artery disease.  Coronary intervention is performed by introducing a thin catheter through a puncture in the thigh (femoral artery) or wrist (radial artery), performing coronary angiography to clearly diagnose coronary artery stenosis, and then treating the vessel requiring intervention by placing a nickel alloy stent made of high-tech materials into the coronary artery stenosis and opening it with a balloon to widen the stenosis and restore blood flow to the coronary artery.  Coronary stenting is a minimally invasive procedure with the advantages of minimal trauma, high safety and repeatability. The procedure can significantly relieve angina attacks, improve quality of life, and reduce the incidence of cardiac accidents. The incidence of restenosis after stenting is only 20%, and with the widespread use of new drug stents in recent years, the restenosis rate has dropped to less than 4%, much lower than the restenosis rate of surgical bypass surgery, with unlimited prospects.