Cranial defects are very harmful. Firstly, it affects the appearance of the skull, the lack of skull support, the head may collapse or bulge, which affects the beauty; secondly, it is a threat to safety, the lack of hard skull protection, if bumped or hit by external sharp objects, it may injure the brain tissue, and may even endanger the life, which is very dangerous; another is the damage to the brain and nerve function, after the lack of part of the skull, the closed integrity of the cranial cavity is damaged, the intracranial environment, intracranial pressure is unstable, the cerebrospinal fluid circulation, brain blood circulation, etc. may be impaired. After the partial loss of the skull, the closed integrity of the cranial cavity is damaged, the intracranial environment and intracranial pressure are unstable, the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral blood circulation may be impaired, which may affect the normal operation of cerebral nerve function and produce a series of cranial defect syndrome, the specific manifestations of cranial defect syndrome may include dizziness, headache, numbness and weakness of limbs, unfavorable activities, etc., emotional instability and irritability, and some patients may show impaired vision, hearing impairment and loss of sense of smell, etc.; and It is the trauma to the patient’s spirit and mind, the unsightly appearance and various clinical symptoms will cause great blow and harm to the patient’s psychology, some patients may have low self-esteem, autism, and even depression. Therefore, it is recommended that cranial bone repair should be performed in time after the occurrence of cranial defects. Cranial bone repair surgery is helpful for the recovery of brain nerve function. Cranioplasty is a routine surgical procedure to repair the defective area with certain materials for various causes of cranial defects. After cranial bone repair surgery, the integrity of the skull can be restored, the closure of the cranial cavity can be restored, the stability of the intracranial environment can be restored, which helps the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral blood circulation in the skull to return to normal, helps the brain nerve function to return to normal operation, and helps to alleviate and improve various cranial defect syndromes. At the same time, cranial bone repair also strengthens the safety protection of the head and the brain, restores the aesthetic appearance, and is a great comfort to the patient’s soul. Therefore, timely cranial repair is very necessary. Cranial repair is a routine procedure in neurosurgery, but it is not simple and not easy to do well. It requires the use of excellent cranial repair materials and high operator skills. Currently, our team widely adopts the new polyetheretherketone PEEK as the skull repair material, which has excellent performance and is comparable to autologous cranial bone in all aspects, with high comfort and protection, few complications and ideal clinical results. We also introduce the concept of aesthetic plastic surgery, so as to carry out comprehensive PEEK cranioplasty, which can achieve the organic unity of structural restoration, functional perfection and aesthetic appearance.