Lumbar disc herniation is one of the more common disorders, mainly because the lumbar intervertebral disc parts (nucleus pulposus, fibrous ring and cartilage plate), especially the nucleus pulposus, have different degrees of degenerative changes, under the action of external factors, the fibrous ring of the disc ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes (or prolapses) from the rupture in the posterior or vertebral canal, resulting in the adjacent spinal nerve roots suffer from irritation or compression, thus producing lumbar pain This results in a series of clinical symptoms, such as numbness and pain in one or both lower extremities. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation is highest in lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1, accounting for about 95%. The clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can be divided into two major parts: conservative treatment (non-surgical treatment) and surgical treatment. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment. The treatment principle is not to return the degenerated and herniated disc tissue to its original position, but to change the relative position of the disc tissue and the compressed nerve root or to partially retract it, so as to reduce the pressure on the nerve root, release the adhesion of the nerve root, eliminate the inflammation of the nerve root and thus relieve the symptoms. Non-surgical treatment is mainly suitable for: 1, young, first attack or short duration of the disease; 2, mild symptoms, the symptoms can be relieved by themselves after rest; 3, imaging examination without obvious spinal stenosis. The main methods of conservative treatment are: absolute bed rest, traction therapy, physiotherapy and massage, corticosteroid epidural injection, chemical lysis of the nucleus pulposus, percutaneous nucleus pulposus excision/myeloablative vaporization, etc. For: 1, the history of more than three months, strict conservative treatment is ineffective or conservative treatment is effective, but frequent recurrence and heavy pain; 2, the first attack, but the pain is severe, especially in the lower extremities, the patient is difficult to move and sleep, in a forced position; 3, combined with the performance of the cauda equina nerve compression; 4, single nerve root paralysis, accompanied by muscle atrophy, muscle strength loss; 5, combined with spinal stenosis is recommended Surgical treatment, the main methods of surgery are the traditional posterior lumbar discectomy, and according to the degree of lumbar spine stability to determine the need for internal fixation and fusion, as well as the newly emerged minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral foraminal removal in recent years.