There are differences between adenomyoma and adenomyosis in terms of pathogenesis, severity of dysmenorrhea and treatment. 1. Pathogenesis: Currently, it is believed that adenomyosis is a diffuse or limited lesion formed by the invasion of endometrial glands and mesenchyme into the myometrium. Adenomyoma is due to the uterine vascular wall smooth muscle cells or myometrial smooth muscle cells are sensitive to some hormone-regulated growth factors, resulting in abnormal proliferation of local cells to form adenomyoma. 2. The severity of dysmenorrhea: the uterus of patients with adenomyosis is spherically enlarged, and the dysmenorrhea worsens progressively with the development of the disease, and even the pain is unbearable. Although adenomyoma can cause dysmenorrhea, it is not as painful as adenomyosis. 3. Treatment: Due to the extensive lesions in the uterus of adenomyosis, the lesions can not be removed cleanly and are prone to recurrence. Currently, uterine artery embolization and in-situ thermal ablation can be used for treatment. Adenomyoma can be surgically removed as far as possible, and the treatment is generally more effective. The difference between adenomyoma and adenomyosis is relatively large, but both diseases are estrogen-dependent, and will have irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, increased menstrual flow, etc. Both diseases should be diagnosed early and treated early.