Children make up a large portion of the population with epilepsy. Why are children prone to epilepsy? This is because epilepsy is caused by abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain. Children’s nervous system is not yet fully functional and is in the process of continuous development and maturation, and the instability and vulnerability of the nervous system is more sensitive to triggering factors in the external environment. The instability and vulnerability of the nervous system is more sensitive to external environmental triggers. With the continuous development of the nervous system, the symptoms of epileptic seizures will be manifested during childhood. Therefore, the high incidence of pediatric epilepsy is mainly related to its causes. Innate genetic factors: Many epileptic episodes are associated with genetic factors, which can affect the function of cell membrane ion channels, lowering the convulsive threshold and causing neuronal discharges. Epilepsy syndromes that have been confirmed or hypothesized to be closely related to genetic factors include primary generalized or localized epilepsy such as childhood and juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, benign childhood epilepsy with central temporal spikes, and autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and some of the syndromes have been genetically localized. Acquired factors Nutritional metabolic disorders and endocrine disorders can lead to pediatric epilepsy, for example, such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, vitamin B6 deficiency, and hypothyroidism. Intracranial infections such as bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, mycobacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, cerebral parasitosis, post-vaccination encephalitis, post-infectious encephalitis, and other diseases can induce pediatric epilepsy. Various trauma-induced diseases such as intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral contusion, skull fracture and other traumatic diseases may induce pediatric epilepsy diseases if they are not treated timely and effectively. Immature development of the nervous system Because the pediatric nervous system is not fully developed, once the cerebral cortex is subjected to high heat or intense mental stimulation, it will produce overexcitation causing epilepsy. The pediatric brain is in the process of growth and development, the instability and vulnerability of the pediatric nervous system is manifested in a more sensitive to the external environment of the promotional factors, such as shock, or high fever and other factors, for the future seizures lay hidden dangers, the chances of suffering from epilepsy will increase. What are the effects of epileptic seizures on children Epilepsy affects the brain development of children, because the abnormal discharge of epilepsy can lead to delayed neurological development, and many children with epilepsy, as their age increases, their neurological development lags behind that of their peers. Most often, this is manifested in poor academic performance, inability to concentrate, and even inability to fully comprehend, all of which are effects of epileptic seizures on children. If it is a benign seizure, the seizure will gradually stop as the age increases. Meanwhile, due to the high plasticity of the pediatric brain, the seizure itself is less damaging to the immature brain than to the mature brain, so as long as there is no intractable cause, no neurological defects prior to the seizure, and the seizure is actively controlled, most of the affected children do not suffer from sequelae, and most of the epilepsy can be relieved as the child grows up and his/her brain develops into a mature one. However, in the case of malignant epilepsy, such as some epilepsies with genetic predisposition, often the patient’s neurological deterioration will be very pronounced. Therefore, if there are epileptic seizures, we must control them as early as possible to reduce the seizures, in order to minimize his impact on the development of the child’s nervous system.