Cervical inflammation is the most common type of gynecological disease. Under normal circumstances, the cervix has a variety of defensive functions, but it is susceptible to damage from childbirth, miscarriage or uterine surgery or vaginal foreign bodies. The monolayer columnar epithelium of the cervical canal is less resistant to infection, and because of the many mucosal folds of the cervical canal, it is difficult to completely remove pathogens once infection occurs, resulting in chronic cervical inflammation. Cervical inflammation is divided into acute cervicitis and chronic cervicitis. The common pathogens of acute cervicitis are mainly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria. The incidence of acute cervicitis has been increasing in recent years with the increase in sexually transmitted diseases. Currently, acute cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is also increasing. Chronic cervicitis is most often caused by acute cervicitis, and in some cases, chronic cervicitis occurs directly without symptoms of acute cervicitis. In addition to the common pathogens of acute cervicitis, the herpes simplex virus may also be associated with chronic cervicitis. To prevent cervicitis, women should pay attention to vulva cleanliness, sexual hygiene, exercise to improve their resistance, actively treat acute cervicitis, and have regular gynecological examinations.