If a pregnant mother is undernourished or has unbalanced nutrition, it can hinder the growth and development of the fetal baby and even cause irreparable damage. Some data show that the incidence of miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, low birth weight babies, neonatal death and malformation caused by malnutrition during pregnancy is much higher than that of pregnant mothers with normal nutrition. Specific maternal malnutrition to the fetus will mainly lead to restricted growth and development in the womb, low birth weight and affect the development of intelligence. In particular, the earlier the lack of nutrition, the greater the damage to the baby’s brain development, which will lead to abnormal neurological development, such as slow reactions and mental retardation. Severe iodine deficiency can lead to cretinism, or cretinism, and folic acid deficiency can lead to neural tube abnormalities. Severe iron deficiency can affect intellectual development, vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets, tooth enamel dysplasia, vitamin E deficiency can lead to miscarriage, anencephaly, brain hernia, foot deformity, cleft lip, etc. Poor nutrition during pregnancy can also lead to increased fetal mortality. Therefore, pregnant mothers must pay attention to their nutrition, reasonable diet, balanced nutrition to ensure a balanced intake of various nutrients.