Breast cancer has become the second most threatening malignant tumor in the world, after lung cancer, and it has become the number one killer of women in China’s big cities, with the incidence rate increasing year by year and the age of onset becoming younger. Therefore, early prevention and treatment of breast cancer has become a priority task for contemporary women. Breast cancer is a multifactorial malignant tumor and the following risk factors have been identified: 1. Reproductive factors: early menarche, shorter menstrual cycle, older first pregnancy, not breastfeeding and late menopause will increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Lifestyle: High fat diet, heavy alcohol consumption and post-menopausal hormone application are all risk factors for breast cancer. Genetic factors: Women with immediate family members who have breast cancer are more likely to develop breast cancer. Although the factors related to the development of breast cancer are not as closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer as smoking, it is believed that the incidence of breast cancer can be reduced by changing the lifestyle. The main preventive measures are: 1. Strengthen breast self-examination and follow-up: stroke your breasts clockwise and counterclockwise every month, observe your underwear for blood stains, go to the hospital promptly if you find a lump or bloody nipple overflow during breast self-examination, and take mammograms once a year for women over 40 years old and go to the hospital for follow-up at least once a year. Especially for those who have family history of breast cancer and other factors, regular follow-up is especially important. 2.Strengthen physical exercise and maintain a good mood: strengthening physical exercise can play a role in delaying the age of menarche for children, and also help control weight. In addition, many diseases are related to patients’ long-term depression, and breast cancer, a disease closely related to hormone levels, is more and more important in relation to mood, so it is important not to take everything to the extreme and maintain a happy psychological state can also play a role in preventing breast cancer. 3. Reduce the use of estrogen: Many postmenopausal women use estrogenic drugs or food in order to maintain their youthful appearance. Since the ultimate effect of these drugs or foods is very significant for many women, it is difficult for them to give up using them completely, but it is necessary to reduce their use appropriately. As a systemic disease, the principle of treatment of breast cancer is based on surgery, including a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy and even gene therapy to reduce its risk of recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, with the improvement of early diagnosis rate and the great progress of the means of comprehensive treatment, the scope of surgery tends to narrow down, such as from the classical radical breast cancer surgery (removal of the affected breast and pectoralis major and minor muscles + lymph node dissection of the affected axilla) to the current common modified radical breast cancer surgery (removal of the affected breast + lymph node dissection of the affected axilla). Breast-conserving surgery is more than 60% in western developed countries, while in China it is still about 15%. In recent years, it has gradually increased, especially in big cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, breast-conserving surgery and minimally invasive surgical treatment are more and more recognized and accepted because the surgery is less invasive, the physical and psychological impact suffered by patients is correspondingly smaller, and the quality of life after surgery is obviously improved. Usually, if the diameter of a single lesion is less than 3 cm, the distance from the nipple is more than 3 cm, and the cut edge is not involved with malignant tumor cells after surgical excision, breast-conserving surgery can be considered, i.e., enlarged lump excision + axillary lymph node dissection. This can basically preserve the shape and function of the breast. In addition, the need for further axillary lymph node dissection can be determined through sentinel lymph node biopsy; with the aid of fiberoptic ductoscopy, in situ intraductal carcinoma can be removed by freezing, laser, radiofrequency, etc. The advantages of this surgical method are easy operation, short treatment time, few complications, and repeated use for patients, but due to immature technology and the limitation of operating equipment, it has not been widely performed in China. However, due to the immature technology and the limitation of operating equipment, it has not been widely carried out in China. According to the breast cancer treatment guidelines of NCCN and the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, personalized treatment is advocated, including adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and endocrine treatment such as triamcinolone acetonide and aromatase inhibitors are given to estrogen receptor positive patients, while trastuzumab is applied to Her2 positive patients to control recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, prevention and early detection of breast cancer through a good lifestyle and regular follow-up is very important for today’s women. Even if breast cancer has occurred, it is still important to have confidence in your treatment and believe that what you have lost is only a part of your bad health, not your whole life!