Vascular balloon dilation, a minimally invasive method commonly used in the treatment of severe stenosis or occlusive lesions in the lower extremities. There are risks associated with the balloon dilation procedure. If the local atherosclerotic plaque is heavy, during balloon dilation, it may lead to rupture of the plaque, and the dislodgement of small plaque may cause embolization of the distal limb vessels, which can aggravate limb ischemia. At the same time, during the process of expansion, it may also cause local vascular entrapment and secondary vascular thrombosis, which requires the placement of vascular stents, thus avoiding the continued tearing of the entrapment and affecting the blood supply to the limb. In addition, the process of balloon dilation can also cause local vascular rupture leading to bleeding in severe cases. For the rupture of the limb vessel, it can be done by adding pressure and placing an overlapping stent. However, for special sites, such as the iliac artery, there is no muscle or bone around the iliac artery. If a rupture of the iliac artery occurs, untimely treatment can easily result in the risk of hemorrhage and death. Also, it should be noted that balloon dilation, as a minimally invasive method, has common problems faced by other methods, such as blood leakage from the puncture site, local hematoma, and postoperative recurrence, etc. Therefore, it is important to adequately evaluate the patient before performing balloon dilatation so that the need for surgical treatment can be clarified.