Cryptorchidism is a condition in which the testicle does not descend into the scrotum and includes both incomplete testicular descent and ectopic testis. The majority of cryptorchidism is incomplete testicular descent, while ectopic testes are most often located in the superficial fossa of the groin. The causes of cryptorchidism in children are as follows: 1. Abnormal or absent testicular lead: the testicle cannot descend to the scrotum from its original position; 2. Congenital testicular insufficiency: the testicle is insensitive to gonadotropin and loses its descending power; 3. Hormone deficiency: the hypothalamus does not produce enough luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, so that the pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle The lack of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) produced by the hypothalamus can also affect the descending power of the testes. How to determine cryptorchidism in children The diagnosis of cryptorchidism in children can be confirmed by palpation and other examinations as follows: (1) Identification by palpation: check the baby’s testicles, carefully touch his scrotum to see if there are two testicles as small as peanuts in the scrotum; (2) Confirmation by imaging examination: (1) Ultrasound examination: mainly for the testicles that are not palpable, to determine whether the testicles exist and their positioning; (2) Laparoscopy: mainly for the testicles that are not palpable, to determine whether the testicles exist and their positioning (2) Laparoscopy: It is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of cryptorchidism, and treatment can be carried out at the same time of localization; (3) HCG stimulation test, androgen measurement and other examinations: Such examinations can be carried out if bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism is accompanied by penile shortening and hypospadias. How to treat cryptorchidism in children Once cryptorchidism is found in children, the following treatments can be carried out: 1. Hormone therapy: HCG, LHRH or both can be used in the treatment; 2. (2) Laparoscopic surgery: suitable for all non-palpable testes and diagnosis of suspected cryptorchidism, etc.; (3) Autologous testicular transplantation: suitable for children with high-grade cryptorchidism, not recommended as a routine operation.