The 5-year survival rate of early-stage upper esophageal squamous carcinoma patients can reach more than 90%, while the survival rate of advanced-stage patients may only be a few months, which needs to be determined with the combination of staging and condition, and cannot be generalized. Squamous carcinoma of upper esophagus, also known as squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, is a kind of more serious malignant tumor, and its survival period is mainly related to the stage. If the cancer cells have not metastasized or spread in the early stage, the 5-year survival rate can reach more than 90% after standardized treatment. However, if squamous carcinoma of upper esophagus has entered into advanced stage, and the cancer cells have extensively metastasized and spread, the patient’s survival cycle is shorter, which may be only a few months, and some patients may reach about 1-2 years, and the treatment mainly focuses on the comprehensive treatments such as targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc., to help prolong the lifespan and improve the quality of life. Upper esophageal squamous carcinoma needs to pay attention and be actively treated under doctor’s guidance to control the disease and prolong life.