The most common cause of nasal blockage is inflammation of the nasal passages or sinuses. This is also commonly referred to as rhinitis or sinusitis. What is rhinitis, sinusitis or rhinosinusitis? Rhinitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, sinusitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane of the sinuses, and nasal-sinusitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane of both the nasal cavity and the sinuses. Chronic inflammation is diagnosed if the history is up to 4 weeks in adults and up to 8 weeks in children. In addition to routine rhinoscopy, further tests required for diagnosis include nasal endoscopy, sinus radiographs, sinus CT and blood work. The diagnosis must be clear: is the nature of the nasal-sinus inflammation infectious, trapped, fungal or allergic? Is the inflammation acute or chronic? Is there fluid in the sinuses? Treatment: In most patients, symptoms can be controlled by systematic conservative medical treatment: for the extended and acute exacerbation of rhinosinusitis with infectious inflammation, the pioneers (e.g. cefaclor), macrolides (e.g. erythromycin), quinolones (lomefloxacin), penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin clavulanic acid potassium) or effective antibiotics based on drug sensitivity tests are given, along with eucalyptus citrulline intestinal capsules. The eucalyptus pine-intestinal capsule should be taken orally to promote the discharge of secretion. Supplemented with relevant Chinese medicines (e.g. Xinfang Rhinitis Capsules, Nasal Yuan Tongjiao Granules). Topical nasal drops containing ephedrine can be administered. Steroid hormone can also be sprayed in the nasal cavity. If the inflammation is aggravated, repeat the treatment according to the condition. Fungal rhinosinusitis: The main treatment is drainage, flushing and symptomatic treatment. Also pay attention to the treatment of other pathogenic factors. If necessary, timely surgical treatment can be cured. For allergic rhinosinusitis: mainly oral antihistamines (such as loratadine, or desloratadine), plus topical steroid hormone therapy. If accompanied by significant nasal congestion, some low concentration vasoconstrictors are available. For sinus effusion or pus accumulation, it can be supplemented with sinus irrigation, negative pressure replacement, etc. Duration of medication: acute inflammation can be consolidated for 3 days after the disappearance of symptoms in general. Chronic inflammation antibiotics 3-4 weeks to stop, other drugs used continuously for more than 8 weeks. Microwave, laser and plasma treatment can be considered for patients with predominantly enlarged turbinates and poor results from regular drug treatment. For patients with rhinosinusitis with severe anatomical abnormalities, large amounts of caseous material in the sinuses, nasal polyps, etc. of retained inflammation, elective surgery is advisable. Preoperative treatment includes: oral prednisone 20mg-30mg/day, morning fasting dose, 5 days before surgery. Simultaneous oral azithromycin 250mg, 1 time/day; or clarithromycin 250mg, 2 times/day. Nasal spray with steroid hormone, 2 sprays per nostril 1-2 times/day.