Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders originating from hematopoietic stem cells. It can lead to anemia, infection, bleeding and other uncomfortable symptoms.
1. Causes: The causes of myelodysplastic syndromes have not been clearly defined, and are considered to be caused by physical and chemical factors, genetics, and abnormalities in the bone marrow microenvironment.
2. Symptoms: The manifestations of myelodysplastic syndromes are not specific, but almost all patients may have symptoms of anemia, which manifests as fatigue, weakness, fatigue and dizziness, etc.; some patients may have low neutrophil function, which may lead to infections; and a small number of patients may have thrombocytopenia, which is prone to hemorrhage.
3. Treatment: According to the severity of the symptoms, patients should be treated reasonably through medication and surgery.
(1) Pharmacological treatment: follow the doctor’s instructions to adopt pro-hematopoietic treatment, that is to say, through the use of erythropoietin, androgens (testosterone undecanoate) and so on, to improve hematopoietic function.
For high-risk patients, treatment with demethylating drugs such as 5-azacitidine and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine can improve survival.
(2) Surgery: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, for patients younger than 65 years old, with severe hematopoiesis, for whom other methods of treatment have failed.
Once myelodysplastic syndrome occurs, it is important to pay attention to timely hospital consultation and reasonable treatment under the guidance of doctors.