High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of esophagus is considered to be precancerous lesion, which can develop into early esophageal cancer, and needs to be treated by endoscopic treatment, surgical treatment and general measures. 1. Endoscopic treatment: clinically, the main endoscopic treatments are endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic mucosal resection, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, argon ion coagulation and other endoscopic non-resection treatments, which can generally achieve the purpose of cure. 2. Surgery: In the early stage of the disease, timely surgical treatment can achieve the purpose of radical cure, and the commonly used surgical methods are divided into two types, i.e. traditional open-heart surgery and laparoscopic surgery. 3. General measures: patients need to strengthen dietary management, avoid intake of alcohol and other stimulating beverages, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits and foods rich in high quality protein such as fish, eggs, etc., and need to pay more attention to rest, and develop regular work and rest habits. To sum up, patients suffering from esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia need to actively cooperate with doctors to carry out standardized treatment, strengthen daily life management, and go to the hospital for follow-up on time.