Pain in the scapular girdle and upper extremities is one of the main symptoms of primary brachial plexus neuralgia, or brachial plexus neuritis. Brachial plexus neuralgia is a condition that produces pain within its innervation when the various parts of the brachial plexus nerve, which consists of the anterior branches of the nerves from cervical 5 to thoracic 1, are damaged. Brachial plexus neuralgia can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary, with the latter being more common. Primary brachial plexus neuralgia etiology is unknown, may be allergic disease, occasionally familial cases are seen in mild trauma, injection, vaccination, mild systemic infection. Secondary brachial plexus neuralgia brachial plexus adjacent lesion compression, that is, nerve root compression (cervical spondylosis, disc prolapse, tuberculosis, tumor, fracture, dislocation, cervical medulla tumor and arachnoiditis, etc.) and nerve trunk compression (thoracic outlet syndrome, cervical ribs or cervical tumors, axillary lymph node enlargement (metastatic carcinoma), clavicular fracture, pulmonary sulcus tumor. It can be further categorized into radicular brachial plexiform neuralgia and dry brachial plexiform neuralgia according to its site of lesion. The causes of radicular brachial plexiform neuralgia include various lesions of cervical spine, cervical medullary tumor, and epidural metastatic cancer. The causes of dry brachial plexiform neuralgia include cervicothoracic outlet area syndrome, brachial plexus neuritis, cervical tumors, trauma, tuberculosis, apical lung tumors and so on. It should be based on its clinical manifestations, neurological examination of selective shoulder joint and cervical spine X-ray radiography, cerebrospinal fluid assay, electromyography, upper limb hemogram, nerve conduction velocity, cervical spine CT or MRI examination. Diagnosis and treatment are carried out.