After receiving the diphtheria vaccine, there may be redness, swelling, itching and fever at the vaccination site. Some parents may have concerns about the need for the diphtheria vaccine since the vaccination may cause discomfort to the baby. Since whooping cough and diphtheria are serious acute respiratory infections, the course of the disease is long and severe. The average mortality rate of tetanus is as high as 20-30%, so these three diseases can have extremely serious and even life-threatening effects on newborns and the elderly. According to statistics, immunization prevents 2 to 3 million deaths due to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles each year. Therefore, vaccination is the most economical and effective public health intervention to prevent and control infectious diseases, and it is also an effective means for families to reduce the occurrence of diseases among their members and reduce medical expenses. It has been proved by domestic and foreign practice for many years that after completing basic immunization with tetanus vaccine for 1 month, the lectin antibody in the serum can increase more than 20 times than before immunization, and the antibody can be maintained for at least 2-3 years, and its protection rate can reach about 80%. The vaccine has the best preventive effect against tetanus, and the antibodies can be maintained for more than 10 years, and the protection rate can reach more than 95%. The prevention effect of diphtheria is also more satisfactory. After basic immunization with diphtheria vaccine or immunization with 2 doses of diphtheria vaccine, about 90% of people can reach the protection level of diphtheria antitoxin in the serum. If a booster immunization is given at the age of 1.5-2 weeks, the antibodies can be maintained for more than 5 years. In China, the diphtheria vaccine is a class I vaccine, which is mandatory by the state. Although the diphtheria vaccination may cause some discomfort to the baby, it is very effective in preventing diphtheria diseases, and can prevent pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus at the same time, so that the baby is protected from these three diseases. Therefore, the diphtheria vaccine is necessary for pediatricians.