Clinical manifestations of delayed-onset movement disorder The presence of the bladder-tongue-pharynx (BLM) triad is often a characteristic symptom of delayed-onset movement disorder, but it does not always develop with some regularity; tongue wriggling may be the earliest sign, but sometimes tongue movement abnormalities are very weak, while other facial signs are more pronounced. The clinical manifestations of tardive dyskinesia can be summarized as follows. 1, facial abnormalities The patient’s tongue movement can be seen as the “bon bon” sign, (both tongue extension bulging cheeks), tongue extension into a trumpet or irregular acute extension. The lips and mouth have pouting, lip wrinkling, blowing, mouth opening, and teeth grinding movements. Facial expressions are commonly twitching, making a face, raising eyebrows irregularly, etc. and are accompanied by swallowing difficulties. 2. Neck cloth abnormalities: anterior-posterior, lateral tilt of the neck, oblique neck. 3.Trunk position Unilateral dystonia (Pisa sign) axial hyperactivity. 4.Upper limbs Shrugging of shoulders, dance-like movements of the bowl. 5.Lower extremities Restless legs, ankle rotation, foot stamping, etc. Treatment of late-onset movement disorder This disease is difficult to treat, and spontaneous remission is occasionally seen. It is usually treated with gradual withdrawal of antipsychotic drugs, monoamine neurotransmitter depleting agents such as reserpine 0.25mg, gradually increasing to 2-4mg/d, or buprofezin 12.5mg, gradually increasing to 200mg/d. Carbamazepine, baclofen, lithium, clonazepam and alprazolam may be useful in individual cases. Substitute classical antipsychotics such as clozapine, lipitorone, olanzapine, and quetiapine are available for psychiatric patients requiring continued treatment. Dopamine receptor antagonists such as haloperidol and phenothiazines can inhibit this abnormal action but can exacerbate the underlying disease and are therefore not recommended. The treatment of this disease focuses on prevention. Delayed-onset dyskinesia is mostly irreversible damage and more difficult to treat, so it is important to prevent its occurrence. 1, add drugs as slowly as possible, try to avoid long-term or high-dose application of antipsychotics; 2, avoid the combination of two or more antipsychotics; 3, use as little as possible or do not use antiparkinsonian drugs; when discontinuing or replacing antipsychotics, should gradually reduce the dose, rather than abruptly stop; 4, the elderly and frail or with organic brain, diabetic lesions, should be given the lowest dose; non-essential use of 5. Early detection and treatment, once the symptoms appear, the antipsychotic should be reduced or replaced by other drugs, and if necessary, the drug should be discontinued.