1.Hemangioma: the impact of hemangioma on infants and young children has different clinical manifestations due to different growth areas. Hemangiomas growing in neck and superficial parts of face mainly affect the appearance; those growing in oropharynx and laryngopharynx will have swallowing obstacles, slurred speech, snoring in sleep and dyspnea; hemangiomas growing in larynx and trachea, the most important symptom is respiratory difficulty. 2, rhabdomyosarcoma: accounting for 15% of solid tumors in children, the clinical and pathological manifestations are diversified, and its prognosis is related to the location of the tumor, staging, typing, treatment and the presence or absence of recurrence and metastasis. Rhabdomyosarcoma has a high degree of malignancy, and metastasis can occur at an early stage, with the highest metastatic rate of adenomatous rhabdomyosarcoma, followed by embryonal type. Rhabdomyosarcoma in infants and young children is mostly of embryonic type, and its 5-year survival rate is about 66%. 3.Thyroglossal cyst: mainly manifested as a lump in the thyroglossal area in the front part of neck, in addition to affecting the appearance, when the cyst is large, it can affect swallowing and breathing. When the cyst is infected, there will be localized redness, swelling and pain when swallowing. Generally, it will not be malignant. 4, cervical fibromatosis: it is a kind of fibromatosis involving the lower 1/3 of sternocleidomastoid muscle, which occurs in infants and young children who are just born or shortly after birth, and is mainly manifested as a gradual enlargement of the neck mass. Although it is a kind of benign tumor, it often involves muscle, cervical sheath, and important nerves in the neck. The treatment should be early and thorough surgical resection, but it is easy to recur after surgery, and the prognosis is poor. 5.Neuroblastoma: according to the age of onset, tumor metastasis, tumor grade, gene and chromosome phenotype, it can be divided into low-risk group, medium-risk group and high-risk group. Neuroblastoma in infants and young children is mostly in the low-risk group, and surgical treatment can achieve better results. 6.Thyroid cancer: children’s thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, and the ten-year survival rate is above 90%. In addition to thyroid lumps, there will be hoarseness when the recurrent laryngeal nerve is involved, dyspnea when laryngotracheal tube is involved, and dysphagia when the esophagus is accumulated. It is also prone to cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. However, even if metastasis occurs, as long as receiving standardized surgical treatment, isotope therapy and thyroxine tablet supplementation after operation, it will have no obvious effect on the growth and development, life, study, and even the work, marriage and birth of the children after adulthood. 7.Lymphoma: there are two types: Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. The effect of lymphoma on the children is not obvious. The impact of lymphoma on children varies according to the different parts of tumor growth. Lymphoma growing in superficial parts of head and neck mainly affects the appearance; those growing in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx have nasal congestion, snoring in sleep, stuffy ears and so on, and those growing in the pharyngeal and laryngeal parts have swallowing difficulty and respiratory difficulty and other manifestations. The prognosis of lymphoma is related to its molecular biology typing, such as mucosa-associated lymphoma with excellent prognosis, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a slightly worse prognosis, which is moderately malignant, but the cure rate is also about 50%. 8.Lymphangioma: its impact on children is basically similar to that of hemangioma, but most of hemangiomas will subside by themselves before the arrival of puberty, while lymphangiomas generally will not be cured by themselves. Those with clean surgical resection have fewer recurrences. 9, Gill slit cysts: the near and far-term effects on children are mainly for appearance, but they can be infected and inflamed, especially some of them are often manifested as suppurative thyroiditis. Early surgery is generally preferred, and recurrence is rare in those with clean surgical resection.