Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease that originated in East Africa or the Near East, and has spread to most parts of the world through population migration, trade activities, military expansion and colonial movements throughout history, and has a history of more than 2000 years in China. Because the cause of the disease is unknown, leprosy in the West used to be regarded as a punishment from God to patients, for the fear and inadmissibility of society, the practice of leprosy isolation since the end of the 12th century, the admission of homeless leprosy patients, leprosy villages from the budding state gradually expanded, objectively also limited its spread. Norwegian scholar Hansen in 1873 discovered leprosy bacillus, determined that it is an infectious disease, because there is no specific treatment drugs, isolation became the only means of prevention and treatment, followed by more brutal forced isolation; leprosy patients are subject to discrimination, persecution and other inhumane treatment has not changed. In the 1940s, aminophene was developed, starting the experimental chemotherapy phase for leprosy; in the early 1960s, rifampicin and clofazimine were invented and added to the multidrugtherapy (MDT) regimen. In 1981, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of combination chemotherapy consisting of two or three drugs to kill Mycobacterium leprae and achieve clinical cure. Since 1995, WHO has provided free combination chemotherapy to all patients in all countries of the world, and leprosy elimination has achieved remarkable results. China’s second national leprosy prevention and treatment conference in 1981 decided to abandon the new leprosy villages, hospitals to accommodate isolated leprosy patients, emphasizing the “combination of chemotherapy” The last Sunday of January each year, is the “World Leprosy Day”. This was established by the World Health Organization in 1953, at the initiative of the French. Currently, many countries around the world hold various activities on this day, with the aim of mobilizing society to help leprosy patients overcome the difficulties of life and work and gain more rights. Mycobacterium leprae invades the body is generally considered to have an incubation period of 2 to 5 years on average, with short periods of several months and long periods of more than 10 years, mostly unconsciously before the start of typical symptoms some often have general discomfort, muscle and joint aches and pains abnormal sensation in the extremities and other systemic anterior symptoms. These manifestations are not specific to those with strong immunity to the tuberculosis-like leprosy end of the development, and those with low or defective immunity to the tumor type end of the development. The main mode of infection of leprosy is direct contact transmission, followed by indirect contact transmission.1, direct contact transmission this way is the direct contact between healthy people and infectious leprosy patients, infection is caused by skin or mucous membrane damage containing Mycobacterium leprae and contact with the skin or mucous membranes of healthy people with breakage. This type of transmission is most often seen in family members who are in close contact with the patient. Although the degree of close contact with the onset of infection, but this does not exclude the possibility of occasional contact and infection.2, indirect contact transmission of this way is a healthy person with infectious leprosy patients through a certain medium of transmission and be infected. For example, contact with clothing, bedding, hand towels, eating utensils, etc. used by infected patients. Indirect contact is less likely to be transmitted than direct contact, but it is not possible to ignore. Prevention of leprosy is the main focus, cutting off the source of infection and improving immunity. There is no effective preventive vaccine or therapeutic drugs. Early detection of patients, early combined chemotherapy treatment. ”A good dietary pattern is the basis for ensuring adequate nutrition, and a variety of foods, mainly cereals, is an important feature of a balanced diet. Conditions should be created to improve the living and nutritional status of leprosy patients after recovery. Increase such as fish and shrimp, meat, eggs, milk and other purchases, the recommended intake such as vitamin classes, calcium, zinc, iodine and other trace elements. Governments at all levels, skin (leprosy) disease control departments and social groups, in addition to providing basic dietary and nutritional, housing and other living security, need to continue to help this special group of people and give more support so that their economic living conditions can be further improved.