Bacteriuria is a common clinical symptom presentation and is not an independent disease, while there are many diseases that cause bacteriuria symptoms, such as chronic reflux nephropathy, cystitis and uremic cardiomyopathy, and many others. Patients need to know how to differentiate so that misdiagnosis can be avoided. Differential diagnosis of bacteriuria: 1. Pus urine: pus urine means that there are pus cells in the urine. There are two types of common causes: specific and non-specific infections. Non-specific infections include pyelonephritis, pus accumulation in the kidney, peripheral abscesses breaking through to the kidney, cystitis, urethritis and inflammation of accessory organs (such as pelvic abscesses, prostatitis or abscesses). 2, hematuria: there are about 40 causes of hematuria, most of which are caused by diseases of the urinary tract itself, and a few are related to systemic and other systemic diseases. According to a group of domestic statistics, the order of common causes of hematuria is: urinary tract infection, stones, tumors, prostate enlargement, injury, tuberculosis, etc. 3, gas urine: gas urine, that is, the presence of gas in the urine during urination, caused by emphysematous cystitis or gas pyelonephritis. Emphysematous cystitis is an inflammatory disease in which gas is present in the bladder wall or lumen, and has a high incidence in diabetic patients. 4. Urethral syndrome: Also known as aseptic urinary frequency-voiding discomfort syndrome. Patients have intermittent or continuous symptoms of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and painful urination, often with frequency as the main manifestation. Most of them are female, but multiple urine cultures are free of bacteria. Its etiology is not clear, but it is thought to be related to nylon pants, gynecological inflammation, excessive anxiety, abnormal urodynamic function, and other factors. 5. Occult glomerulonephritis: This disease is dominated by simple hematuria or simple proteinuria. However, some patients will have leukocyturia, but in these patients, red cell urine and proteinuria persist even after appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment is given. If necessary, a kidney biopsy can be performed to differentiate.