Obstruction of the passage of intestinal contents due to any cause is collectively called intestinal obstruction, which is one of the common surgical emergencies. After the onset of intestinal obstruction, it not only changes the morphology and function of the intestinal canal, but also leads to a series of systemic pathological changes, which can endanger the life of patients in serious cases.
Clinical manifestations: Although the clinical manifestations of intestinal obstruction caused by different reasons are different, the intestinal contents cannot pass through the intestinal cavity smoothly is the same.
Abdominal signs: the abdominal wall is visible as intestinal shape, distension, compression, rebound pain and muscle tension, and masses can be palpated. When there is exudation, there may be mobile turbid sounds, and there may be a sound in the intestinal canal like passing gas in water during auscultation, which is called “gas passing water sound”. In case of paralytic intestinal obstruction, the bowel sound may disappear.
X-ray examination: Generally, when the intestinal obstruction disappears for 4-6 days, the X-ray examination will show the gas in the intestinal cavity; the film will show the gas distended intestinal collaterals and fluid plane.
Laboratory examination: the early changes of simple intestinal obstruction are not obvious, with the progress of the disease, it can show the increase of white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, biochemical, electrolyte and blood gas examination can understand the acid-base imbalance, electrolyte disorder and the condition of kidney function.
Treatment principle: to correct the systemic physiological disorders caused by intestinal obstruction and to release the obstruction, the choice of treatment method depends on the cause, nature and location of intestinal obstruction as well as the systemic condition and severity of the disease.
1.Basic therapy: including gastrointestinal decompression, correction of water and electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance, anti-infection and other treatments.
2.Surgical treatment: Surgery is an important measure for the treatment of intestinal obstruction, the purpose of which is to release the obstruction and remove the cause of the disease. It includes simple intestinal adhesion release, intestinal segment resection, intestinal short-circuit anastomosis, intestinal stoma or intestinal external placement, etc.