Perthes disease is a prevalent aseptic hip disease in children, characterized by ischemic necrosis of the epiphysis. Perthes disease, known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, is a relatively common hip disease in children, with an incidence of (0.2-19.1)/100,000 children. The disease has various Chinese names, such as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in children, osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head, chondromalacia of the hip joint, and flat hip. Perthes disease is an aseptic osteochondrosis in children. It is characterized by ischemic necrosis of the epiphysis, which affects the endochondral ossification of the femoral head.The etiology of Perthes disease remains unclear. Possible causes include repeated minor trauma, delayed skeletal development, vascular insufficiency, and genetic mutations. Perthes’ disease requires aggressive treatment.