Ms. Jiang from Lingchuan gave birth to a baby boy weighing 2.5 kg in March this year. A week after birth, the baby had frequent fever, blue lips and shortness of breath. The baby was sent to the neonatology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College and was found to have congenital heart disease, atrial septal defect, unclosed ductus arteriosus, severe pulmonary hypertension, and severe lung infection and respiratory failure. After hospitalization, emergency resuscitation was successful, but the baby could only survive on a ventilator. Without timely surgery, the child’s life was in danger. However, the child was young and light at that time, making surgery difficult. After a consultation with the cardiothoracic surgery department and careful preparation, a heart surgery was successfully performed. Currently, the child is recovering well and can be discharged from the hospital recently. The incidence of congenital heart disease is about 7-11 per thousand, and in Guangxi, for example, there are about 5,000 children born with congenital heart disease every year. Congenital heart disease is extremely harmful, of which nearly 50% of complex and severe congenital heart disease patients die within a month of birth without treatment. Many parents mistakenly believe that it is too dangerous to operate on young children and that it is better to wait until the child is more resistant and gains weight before undergoing surgery. In this regard, similar tragedies have been reported from time to time. The parents thought the child was too young and lost the best time for surgery. The 7-year-old boy, Yuan Yuan, from Quanzhou, was born with shortness of breath and was diagnosed with congenital heart disease and a main pulmonary artery septal defect. At that time, doctors believed that he had a heavy lesion that was prone to pulmonary hypertension and recommended that he be treated with early surgery, otherwise his quality of life would be poor. However, Yuan Yuan’s parents thought that the child was too young and that surgery was too dangerous, and insisted on waiting for Qiang Qiang to grow up before having surgery. No matter how carefully his family took care of him, Yuan Yuan still developed poorly and had difficulty breathing with the slightest movement, and his lips turned blue. His growth and development was much worse than that of children of his age, and at the age of 7 he was only 14 kg. At this point, his parents became anxious and sent him to the Hospital of Guilin Medical College. After the doctor’s diagnosis, Yuan Yuan’s fingers and lips were purple, and he had advanced pulmonary hypertension, so the best time for surgery was lost. The age at which surgery is most appropriate for congenital heart disease should be determined by the type of congenital heart disease and the early or late appearance of symptoms. It is true that some heart defects will heal slowly as the child grows. However, it is important to consult a specialist and to have regular follow-ups, even if surgery is not needed right away. Many congenital heart defects recover better the earlier they are treated. Early correction of the heart malformation can reduce the heart load and promote normal heart and lung development in the child. Some children with congenital heart disease who are born only a few months or days old face severe pneumonia combined with respiratory failure or heart failure, or severe cyanosis, and repeated episodes of hypoxia can lead to death at any time. Therefore, all children with critical congenital heart disease must be diagnosed and treated in the neonatal or infant period. If they are not treated in time, they will die within 1 week of age, and even after 1-2 years of age, some of them will lose the chance of surgery because of pulmonary vascular obstructive lesions complicated by pulmonary hypertension; even if they can be operated, it will greatly increase the risk of surgery and the difficulty of postoperative recovery. Even if the surgery is successful, the surgical result will be worse than the early surgery. Therefore, the appropriate age for surgery should be decided by a cardiovascular specialist as early as possible, and not with the idea of “waiting for older patients to be treated”, so as not to delay the disease. In recent years, due to the rapid development of cardiac surgery technology, the surgery of congenital heart disease can be done completely from the consideration of the disease, and no longer specially consider the age of the child. The vast majority of congenital heart diseases can be radically operated within 2 years of age or even in the neonatal period. Currently, the majority of patients with congenital heart disease require surgical treatment, except for a few small atrial and ventricular defects that may heal on their own; some children have the option of interventional occlusion depending on their condition. In large hospitals, congenital heart disease surgery has long been performed regardless of weight and age. For example, the minimum age for surgery at Guilin Medical College is 12 days, and the minimum weight for surgery is 2.5g, with a success rate of over 96%. The symptoms of various types of congenital heart disease vary greatly in severity, but generally when the following symptoms appear. Parents should pay attention to the following symptoms: shortness of breath, sweating, recurrent colds and pneumonia, inability to walk, eating more and still losing weight; sweating while breastfeeding, bruising, agitation and easy fatigue. After excluding nutritional deficiencies or rickets, it is very likely that congenital heart disease caused by cardiac insufficiency; infancy and early childhood when holding the legs are not straight, and like to bend in the arms of adults, older children walking for a period of time to squat down, two knees close to the chest to rest for a moment, medically known as squatting phenomenon; cyanotic precocious children, fingers, lips and cheeks are dark purple, medically known as cyanosis.