Advantages of thoracoscopic surgery include: 1, less traumatic surgery: ordinary open heart surgery is very traumatic, the incision is more than 25 centimeters, need to cut off the chest wall layers of muscle. Thoracoscopic surgery can be completed by making 2-3 small incisions of 2 centimeters long on the chest wall. 2, postoperative pain is light: ordinary open heart surgery due to the chest wall trauma, need to force open the intercostal 10C20 cm, chest pain can last for months to years; thoracoscopic surgery patients do not have to endure severe pain, 24 hours can get out of bed activities, 2C4 weeks after surgery can participate in physical activities. 3, fewer postoperative complications, safer for elderly patients. 4.Aesthetically pleasing, small wounds, most people, especially young people and female patients are happy to accept. Indications for thoracoscopic surgery include: 1. Diagnostic surgical indications: it can be applied to the diagnosis of lung, pleura, mediastinum, pericardial diseases and thoracic trauma. The lesions can be clearly displayed on the TV set and histopathologic examination is obtained. 2, therapeutic surgery indications: ① pleural diseases: pneumothorax, pyothorax, pleural mesothelioma, metastatic tumors, trauma hemostasis, benign and malignant pleural effusion. ② Lung diseases: resection of benign lung masses, lung cancer, lung reduction of emphysema. ③ Esophageal diseases: esophageal smooth muscle tumor, esophageal diverticulum, pancreatic achalasia, esophageal cancer. ④ Mediastinal diseases: mediastinal tumor less than 5 cm, giant mediastinal cyst. ⑤ Others: hand sweating, celiac chest, cardiopulmonary trauma, external fixation of rib fracture. Television thoracoscopic surgery gives some patients with poor lung function the opportunity of surgical treatment and expands the scope of thoracic surgery. After more than ten years of rapid development in China, TV thoracoscopy has become an indispensable and commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic tool in thoracic surgery from a new technology mastered by only a few people. Minimally invasive thoracic surgery represented by thoracoscopy has become the mainstream direction of thoracic surgery in the 21st century. The TV display during the operation also increases the surgeon’s “vision”, “field of view” and “line of sight”, making the operation more accurate and the quality of surgery higher. Currently, under thoracoscopic vision, surgeons are able to perform all the complex surgical operations that can only be accomplished by traditional open-heart surgery. Thoracoscopy has become an indispensable and essential technique for thoracic surgeons.