Diabetic foot is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and an important cause of death and disability in diabetic patients. The International Diabetic Foot Disease Working Group defines diabetic foot: diabetic foot refers to foot infections, ulcers and/or deep tissue destruction in diabetic patients caused by abnormalities of the distal nerves of the lower extremities and/or peripheral vasculopathy of varying degrees. In recent years, epidemiologic survey results show that there are 150 million diabetic patients worldwide, of which 5% to 15% have different degrees of foot ulcers. The prevalence of diabetic foot in China is 0.9%~14.5%, of which more than 50% of elderly type 2 diabetic patients are at risk of diabetic foot ulcers, and more than 5% have suffered from foot ulcers. The annual number of patients with diabetic foot amputation accounts for more than 50% of non-traumatic amputation patients. Diabetic foot ulcers and amputations place a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. In the United States, diabetic foot ulcers and amputation of medical expenditure is equal to the sum of other diabetes complications; in China, the average cost of each diabetic foot patient per hospitalization amounted to 20,000 ~ 30,000, can also be as high as more than 200,000 yuan. Diabetic foot ulcers take an average of 6 to 14 weeks to heal and have a high recurrence rate. Some studies have shown that the recurrence rate of foot ulcers in 1, 3 and 5 years reaches 44%, 61% and 70% respectively. Although the diabetic foot is difficult to treat, it is still preventable. International Diabetes Center (IDC) proposed: through the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers, early diagnosis and active management of diabetic foot disease, more than 90% of amputations can be prevented. At present, the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot in China lags far behind the developed countries, people do not know enough about the harmfulness of diabetic foot and do not pay enough attention to it; most of the patients are heavy on treatment and light on prevention; many hospitals do not yet have a perfect multidisciplinary foot health care team and multidisciplinary cooperation team for the treatment of diabetic foot. The causes of diabetic foot: The etiology of diabetic foot is multifactorial. Diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and microcirculatory disorders are its main etiologic factors, which can exist alone or in combination with other factors, and other factors such as structural deformities of the foot, abnormal gait, skin or toenail deformities, trauma and infections are also important triggers of diabetic foot development. There has been a marked increase in the incidence of the diabetic foot associated with: 1) a global increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus; 2) an increase in the per capita life expectancy of people with diabetes mellitus resulting in a prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus; and 3) an increase in the aging population. Grading of Diabetic Foot Ulcers The grading of the diabetic foot is based on a well-established and comprehensive examination and identification, and the grading serves to facilitate evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of possible outcomes. The simplest grading system classifies diabetic foot ulcers into neurologic, ischemic and neuroischemic categories and describes the size and depth of the ulcer and the presence or absence of infection. Currently, there are many systems used worldwide to describe the grading of diabetic foot ulcers, such as PEDIS, S(AD)SAD, DUSS, Strauss, DEPA, IWGDF, SINBAD grading system, etc. However, the most commonly used grading method in China is the Wagner grading method: Grade 0 Foot with risk factors for developing foot ulcers, no ulcers at present. Grade 1 Surface ulcer, clinically free of infection. Grade 2 Deeper ulcer, often combined with soft tissue inflammation, without abscess or infection of the bone. Grade 3 Deep infection with bone tissue lesions or abscesses. Grade 4 Limited gangrene (toe, heel or dorsum of forefoot). Grade 5 Gangrene of the whole foot. Self-care measures for diabetic foot grade 0 Diabetic foot grade 0: This means that a person with diabetes has risk factors for developing a foot ulcer, but currently has no ulcer. So what foot ulcer risk factors do diabetic patients have? 1, wearing inappropriate shoes, poor foot hygiene and health care. 2, Past history of foot ulcers. Symptoms of neuropathy, such as numbness of the foot, decreased or absent sensation, touch, pain and so on. 4, Ischemic vascular lesions, such as rest pain and intermittent claudication. 5, Signs of neuropathy, such as non-sweating of the skin of the foot, muscle atrophy, skin thickening at pressure points, etc. 6.Signs of peripheral vasculopathy, such as cold feet, weakened or disappeared dorsalis pedis arterial pulsation. 7, Other chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, such as renal failure and retinopathy. 8, Presence of severe foot deformity or limited joint movement. 9, Individual factors, such as poor socio-economic conditions, old age or living alone, refusal of treatment, smoking, alcoholism, etc.. 10.Delayed diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetic foot care measures: 1, check your feet Many diabetic feet are caused by foot trauma, if the wound appears infected or symptoms of long time not healing, you should consult a doctor in time for professional treatment. In normal life, if your lower limbs have symptoms such as blisters, cuts, redness, hardness, ulceration, localized heat, localized coldness, etc., you should seek professional diabetic foot doctors or nurses for help immediately. 2, pay attention to foot maintenance (1) adhere to the daily foot washing with warm water, the temperature should be about 37 degrees Celsius (not more than 40 degrees Celsius), soak feet for no more than 15 minutes, and appropriate massage to promote blood circulation in the feet. (2) Wash and dry your feet and then use scissors to trim your toenails carefully, in a “zigzag” shape. (3) Try to choose cotton light-colored socks, and the socks should not be too tight. (4) For dry skin, lubricants or ointments should be used, but not between the toes. (5) Do not go barefoot to prevent being pricked by foreign objects on the ground. (6) Choose shoes with flat soles, rounded toes, non-slip and breathable. Avoid small shoes, hard-soled shoes, and high-heeled shoes. (7) When the weather is cold, you should not roast fire, use hot water bags, foot warmers or electric blankets to keep warm in order to prevent burns. Thick socks and blankets can be used to keep warm, or air conditioners can be used. (8) Buy shoes in the afternoon. The width of the shoes should be at the widest part of your feet. (9) Gradually get used to the new shoes. Wear them for only one hour on the first day, then check your feet carefully and if there is no discomfort, extend the wearing time day by day. (10) If you have corns, calluses or yuzi on your feet, do not treat them yourself or use chemicals such as corns cream, but always go to the hospital and see a doctor or stoma wound therapist.