According to statistics, the incidence of pediatric cerebral palsy is 2 to 6 per 1,000 of newborns. Most of the affected children are caused by congenital causes, mainly difficulties in the delivery of the mother, which cause fetal asphyxia or intracranial hemorrhage, non-breathing and prolonged cerebral hypoxia after birth. Some of them are also the sequelae of neonatal high fever, encephalitis, meningitis, etc. I. Definition of pediatric cerebral palsy At the first national symposium on pediatric cerebral palsy held in Jiamusi in 1988, the definition of cerebral palsy was proposed: cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury during the developmental period from before birth to one month after birth, mainly manifesting as central motor disorders and postural abnormalities. At the National Symposium on Pediatric Cerebral Palsy held in Yunnan in 2004, the Neurology Group of the Pediatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association proposed a revised definition and typology of cerebral palsy, which was defined as motor disorders and postural abnormalities caused by brain injury or developmental defects of various causes from before birth to 1 month after birth. At the 2nd National Children’s Rehabilitation and 9th National Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Symposium held in Changsha in 2006, after thorough discussions among the participants, the latest definition and typing scheme of cerebral palsy in China was proposed on the basis of the above scheme, which was defined as: cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain injury and developmental defects from conception to infancy, mainly manifested by movement disorders and postural abnormalities. The main manifestations are motor deficits and postural abnormalities. The basic connotations of the above definitions are consistent, i.e., cerebral palsy is: 1. a group of syndromes with different clinical manifestations rather than a single disorder; 2. a non-progressive brain lesion, except for transient and progressive lesions and temporary developmental delay; 3. the period of brain injury and developmental defects is in the immature brain stage (early brain development); 4. symptoms appear in the early postnatal period, and motor deficits and postural abnormalities persist but can change; 5. Brain lesions can be single or compound, and their characteristics and locations vary from person to person. Therefore, there are different types of cerebral palsy, which can be combined with other dysfunctions or abnormalities and mostly manifest as multifunctional disorders. The current discussion on the definition of cerebral palsy revolves around how to express the temporal boundaries of the occurrence of brain injury and brain developmental defects, which should be defined specifically from gestation to the neonatal period, infancy, up to 2 years of age, up to 3 years of age, or in general as infancy and early childhood. Due to racial and individual differences, it is difficult to strictly and uniformly define the temporal boundaries of the developing brain. The most recent foreign definition of cerebral palsy is: cerebral palsy is a group of syndromes characterized by persistent abnormalities in motor and postural development and restricted movement due to non-progressive damage to the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor deficits of cerebral palsy are often complicated by sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communication, and behavioral disturbances, secondary to muscular and skeletal problems. Some scholars advocate that the temporal boundaries of brain developmental defects and injuries are best not specifically referred to specific age stages to avoid difficulties in clinical workup. Some scholars are also concerned about the confusion in the diagnosis of cerebral palsy if age stages are not specifically defined. Therefore, the discussion on the definition of cerebral palsy will continue. It is believed that with the development of medical science and technology in China and the deepening of people’s understanding of cerebral palsy, the definition of cerebral palsy will be revised continuously, and it will be in line with international standards and accepted by most scholars. In the first national symposium on pediatric cerebral palsy held in Jiamusi in 1988, the classification standard of cerebral palsy in China was formulated with reference to the classification standard of cerebral palsy in other countries. According to the clinical neurological manifestations, there are 8 types, including spastic, athetoid, rigid, ataxic, tremor, hypotonic, mixed types and unclassifiable. unclassifiable). There are seven types of paralysis according to the location of the paralysis: 1. quadriplegia: refers to paralysis of the limbs and trunk, and there is no major difference in the degree of paralysis of the limbs; 2. diplegia: is a type of quadriplegia, in which the paralysis of both lower limbs is more severe, and the paralysis of both upper limbs and trunk is less severe; 3. paraplegia: refers to paralysis of both lower limbs, and is clinically known as paraplegia 4. hemiplegia: refers to the paralysis of one upper and lower limb, especially the upper limb is more impaired; 5. double hemiplegia: refers to the paralysis of four limbs, the upper limb is heavier than the lower limb or one upper and lower limb is heavier than the other; 6. triplegia: refers to the paralysis of three limbs. triplegia): refers to the paralysis of three limbs, or the incomplete type of tetraplegia; 7. monoplegia: refers to the paralysis of one limb, which is rarely seen clinically. In 2006, at the 2nd National Children’s Rehabilitation and the 9th National Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Academic Conference, new classification criteria were reworked and formulated. According to the clinical neurological manifestations, there are 6 types: 1. spastic type: predominantly damaged by the pyramidal system; 2. dyskinetic type: predominantly damaged by the extrapyramidal system with increased involuntary movements; 3. ankylic type: predominantly damaged by the extrapyramidal system; 4. ataxic type: predominantly damaged by the cerebellum; 5. hypotonic type; 6. mixed type: the same child shows two or more The same child shows two or more types of symptoms. In the new classification, the athetic, choreic, dystonic, and tremor types are included, making up for the deficiencies of the past; the tremor type is no longer classified separately (it is difficult to appear alone), and the indistinguishable type is no longer used. Five types were classified according to the site of paralysis, including monoplegia, diplegia, trigeminal paralysis, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia. In the new classification, “diplegia”, which is the most common clinical condition, is retained, and “paraplegia”, which is difficult to see, is eliminated; in the principle of simplicity and practicality, “repeated hemiplegia” is eliminated, and is collectively called In the principle of simplicity and practicality, “repetitive hemiplegia” is abolished and is collectively called “tetraplegia. Diagnostic criteria for pediatric cerebral palsy The brain in infancy and early childhood has strong plasticity, strong compensatory ability and good results after receiving treatment, so early detection of abnormalities, early intervention and early treatment are advocated. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy should be made carefully. Generally, it is considered to be an early diagnosis when the diagnosis is made 6 to 9 months after birth, and the diagnosis should be made at the latest around 1 year old. The main bases for diagnosis are: there is a cause of cerebral palsy; there are developmental neurological abnormalities of brain injury; and there are clinical manifestations of different types of cerebral palsy. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy includes 6 elements: delayed or abnormal motor development, abnormal muscle tone, abnormal muscle strength, abnormal posture, abnormal reflexes, and abnormalities in ancillary tests. The first 5 of these are required elements for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy.