First, the common factors that lead to adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs Irregular use of drugs does not follow the prescribed course and dosage of anti-tuberculosis drugs, resulting in the failure of the initial treatment and the need for retreatment, but instead the use of drugs for a longer period of time, prone to adverse reactions. The dose is too large and the time is too long, which not only causes waste, but also is easy to produce drug toxic side effects, especially for the elderly and children. Improper drug combination clinically, in order to ensure the antibacterial effect, to prevent mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance, often need to combine the application of anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, if more than four drugs are used, it is easier to cause adverse reactions. If other drugs are blindly used in combination, it is more likely to produce undesirable drug interactions. For example, the combination of isoniazid and anti-hypertensive drug hydrazinophthalazine can increase the blood concentration of isoniazid and enhance the efficacy, but also significantly increase the adverse reactions. Because the chemical structure of hydrazinophthalazine and isoniazid is similar, both can lead to the reduction of vitamin B6 in the body and induce peripheral neuritis. Neglect of individual differences In TB patients, there are obvious individual differences in the rate of acetylation during the metabolism of anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin, which are divided into fast-acetylating and slow-acetylating types. Patients with slow acetylation lack acetylase in the liver, which leads to higher blood concentration and prolonged plasma half-life after taking the drugs, and easily leads to poisoning; patients with fast acetylation produce more acetylhydrazine, which easily causes liver damage. Allergic misuse A few patients belong to allergic body, using anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, sodium para-aminosalicylate and streptomycin can cause rash, fever and other metabolic reactions, and serious cases can also lead to anaphylaxis. For patients with impaired liver and kidney function, the application of anti-tuberculosis drugs is more likely to cause liver and kidney dysfunction than those with normal liver and kidney function, and to aggravate other toxic side effects of the drugs. Second, the prevention and treatment of adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs adhere to the standardized use of drugs adhere to the entire chemotherapy, not prematurely stop, even if the combination of effective anti-tuberculosis drugs, the course of treatment should not be shorter than 6 months. Clinically, according to the patient’s condition, try to use the standard short course of chemotherapy recognized at home and abroad: including (rifampin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide) × 2 months, and then (rifampin + isoniazid) × 4 months. Adherence to individualized drug administration is based on the characteristics of different types of acetylation in patients and individual differences in the clearance rate of anti-TB drugs in the body, and the dose of anti-TB drugs is decided by fully considering the patient’s age, gender, weight, pathology, physiology and other drugs being used before administration. Because of the long cycle of anti-tuberculosis drug use, patients who are in a position to do so should have their blood concentrations monitored regularly so that the dose can be adjusted in time to suit the individual characteristics of the patient. For those with impaired liver and kidney function, the dosing regimen should be adjusted. For those with mild abnormal liver function, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid can be continued on top of liver-protective drugs. For those with severely impaired liver function, if the patient’s renal function is normal, the aminoglycoside antibiotics such as streptomycin and butanamycin can be used instead. For those with previously impaired liver function or hepatitis B virus infection, liver-protective drugs are usually required. For those with mildly impaired renal function, reduce the dose of aminoglycoside antibiotics or switch to anti-tuberculosis drugs that are not excreted through renal metabolism. The use of aminoglycoside antibiotics must be prohibited for those with severely impaired renal function. The combination of isoniazid with aminophylline, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, anticoagulants, chlorpromazine, barbiturates, and insulin is prone to drug interactions, resulting in higher blood concentrations and toxicity.