Postmenopausal estrogen supplementation can be done orally or locally. For hysterectomized women, estrogen can be used alone, and for women with an intact uterus, estrogen-progestogen can be used in combination.
Oral administration has the advantage of stable blood concentration, but it has some damage to the liver. For hysterectomized women, estradiol valerate can be taken orally every day, or tibolone can be taken orally every day. Women with an intact uterus can use estradiol valerate for half a month and then add progesterone for 10 to 14 days. Women who have been menopausal for one year can take Tibolone directly orally, depending on the doctor’s advice.
Topical medications can be placed vaginally in combination with estrogen creams, or skin patches and gel applications, the main medications are 17-B-estradiol, which is easy to use 1-2 times per week. The use of estrogen medications may cause abnormal uterine bleeding, breast tenderness, increased leukorrhea, and the use of estrogen alone may lead to the risk of endometrial cancer, so be sure to take them under medical supervision.