Aplastic anemia, i.e., aplastic anemia, can now be completely cured in some patients with immunosuppressive therapy or bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow hematopoietic failure caused by various reasons, presenting a decrease in whole blood cells, i.e., a decrease in the red, granulomatous, and megakaryotic lineages. Patients mainly present with anemia, bleeding and infection. Treatment includes symptomatic supportive therapy, such as correcting anemia, controlling infection, stopping bleeding, etc., using hematopoietic growth factors, such as erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, thrombopoietin, etc., and also using androgens, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and immunosuppressant cyclosporine, etc. for treatment. All of the above treatment options need to be carried out under the guidance of specialized doctors. With the current medical level, after timely, active and appropriate combined treatment, the condition of some patients with aplastic anemia can be controlled, their symptoms can be relieved and they can survive for a long period of time; some of them can be completely cured.