Pain, is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with an injury. Pain is one of the sensory functions of the body and is the body’s response to internal and external injury and can be accompanied by an emotional response. Most acute pain is an “alarm” function of the body, a symptom, not a disease, which helps to detect and treat the disease at an early stage. If the primary disease causing the pain has been identified and treated systematically, but the pain is still “alarming” for a long time, leading to “psychosomatic” dysfunction for more than 3 months, it is called chronic pain. Among the patients with chronic pain, a large proportion of them are suffering from chronic low back and leg pain. The most common causes of low back pain are 1, lumbar small joint syndrome lumbar injury, immediately after the injury occurs unusually severe back pain. Patients often bend sideways, the waist can not straighten, afraid to move, but afraid that others touch, often misdiagnosed as acute lumbar muscle sprain. In fact, the exact diagnosis should be lumbar joint synovial impingement, or lumbar small joint disorder, commonly known as small joint disorder, small joint syndrome. In addition, chronic degeneration of the small joints of the lumbar spine, wear and tear of the articular cartilage, osteophytes, fibrosis of the joint capsule, narrowing of the joint cavity, coalescence of the joint synapses and other causes of chronic injury to the small joints, stimulation of the medial branch of the spinal nerve caused by pain, for chronic lumbar small joint syndrome. There are far more patients with chronic lumbar small joint syndrome than patients with acute injury. For patients with acute lumbar small joint syndrome, manual therapy is an effective treatment for this disease. For chronic small joint degeneration injuries, medial spinal nerve blocks are used to relieve lumbar pain. For patients who have used multiple blocks and still have severe pain, radiofrequency treatment of the medial branch of the spinal nerve can be used. 2, lumbar back myofasciitis lumbar back myofasciitis is a series of clinical symptoms that occur due to cold, humidity, chronic strain on the myofascial and muscle tissue of the lumbar back due to edema, exudation and fibrous degeneration. The people said the back pain again, most likely due to lumbar back myofasciitis. The wet and cold climate is one of the most common causes, wet and cold can make the low back muscle vasoconstriction, ischemia, and eventually the formation of fibro-weaving, chronic strain injury as another important pathogenic factors, low back muscles, fascia damage after fibrotic changes, resulting in tiny tearing injury, squeezing the local capillaries and peripheral nerves appear pain. Other factors such as frequent sitting in one position, lack of appropriate activities, sitting in front of a computer and viral infections, muscle metamorphosis of rheumatism, etc. are all contributing factors. The main manifestation is diffuse dull pain in the low back, especially more pronounced in the lumbar muscles on both sides and over the iliac crest. Local pain, chilliness, skin numbness, muscle spasm and movement disorders. The pain starts in the morning, is light during the day, and returns in the evening. The pain can be triggered by prolonged inactivity or excessive activity, and has a long duration, and attacks due to exertion and climate change. Treatment is aimed at relieving the cause of the disease, paying attention to warmth, localized hot compresses, and prevention of exposure to cold. In the acute stage, attention should be paid to rest. Drug treatment includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (such as anti-inflammatory pain, ibuprofen, etc.), vitamins. For pain in the acute stage, painful nerve block treatment can be used, which has a definite effect, together with local hot compress and massage, which helps to reduce inflammation and prevent pain recurrence. 3, lumbar disc herniation lumbar disc herniation is a common disorder, mainly because the lumbar intervertebral disc parts after aging degeneration, under the action of external factors, the intervertebral disc fibrous ring rupture, the nucleus pulposus tissue from the rupture protrudes in the back or spinal canal, resulting in adjacent spinal nerve root stimulation or compression, resulting in lumbar pain, one or both lower limbs numbness, pain and a series of clinical symptoms. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation is highest in lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1, accounting for about 95%. Low back pain is the first symptom to appear in most patients, with an incidence of about 91%. Radiating pain in the lower extremities, which typically manifests as pain radiating from the lower back to the buttocks, the back of the thighs, the outer calves up to the feet, increases with sneezing, coughing, and straining to defecate. The radiating pain is mostly on one side of the limb, and only a very small number of patients with central or paracentral nucleus pulposus herniation show symptoms in both lower limbs. A small number of patients with central type herniation present with obstruction of bowel movement and urination, and abnormal perineal and perianal sensation. In severe cases, symptoms such as loss of control of urination and defecation and incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs may occur. Most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment. The principle is to change the relative position of the disc tissue and the compressed nerve roots or partially retract them to reduce the compression on the nerve roots, loosen the adhesions of the nerve roots and eliminate the inflammation of the nerve roots, thus relieving the symptoms. It is mainly suitable for: (1) young people, first attack or short duration of the disease; (2) people with mild symptoms that can be relieved by themselves after rest; and (3) patients with no obvious spinal stenosis on imaging. In the first attack, bed rest should be strictly applied, emphasizing that neither large nor small bowel movements should be made in bed or sitting up. After 3 weeks of bed rest, you can get up and move around under the protection of a lumbar girth, and do not bend over and hold things for 3 months. After remission, low back muscle exercise should be strengthened to reduce the chance of recurrence. Traction therapy, using pelvic traction, can increase the width of the intervertebral space, reduce the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc, the herniated part of the disc retracts, and reduce the irritation and compression of the nerve roots, which needs to be carried out under the guidance of a professional doctor. Physiotherapy, massage and tui-na can relieve muscle spasm and reduce pressure within the intervertebral disc, but note that violent tui-na massage can lead to aggravation of the disease and should be done with caution. Prevention and rehabilitation of lumbar disc herniation: maintain good sitting posture, the bed should not be too soft. Long-term ambulatory workers need to pay attention to the height of the table, chair, and regularly change the posture. Occupational work requires frequent bending movements, should regularly stretch, chest activities, and use a wide belt. Should strengthen the lumbar back muscle training to increase the intrinsic stability of the spine, long-term use of waist circumference, especially need to pay attention to lumbar back muscle exercise to prevent muscle wasting atrophy with adverse consequences. If you need to bend over to get something, it is best to use hip flexion, knee flexion squatting way to reduce the pressure on the back of the lumbar intervertebral disc.