Chickenpox and smallpox are not the same. Chickenpox and smallpox are caused by different viral infections and have different clinical manifestations and treatments. Chickenpox is an acute contagious skin disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, clinical manifestations of the whole body at the same time appear pimples, blisters and scabs. Chickenpox is self-limiting, and some patients can recover on their own. Those with severe disease need to be actively treated, and the treatment can get better results. Smallpox is a virulent infectious disease caused by smallpox virus, the clinical manifestations of severe systemic toxicity symptoms and batch of spots, papules, herpes and pustules, and finally scabs, scabs and pox scars. With the widespread vaccination against smallpox, smallpox has become the only infectious disease in the world that has been eradicated.