Do long-term oral antihypertensive drugs increase the risk of cancer?

It is well known that hypertensive patients need long-term oral antihypertensive drugs to maintain stable blood pressure. The large population of hypertensive patients and their lifelong need for medication has created a large market for antihypertensive drugs. There are five major classes of antihypertensive drugs – diuretics, B-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ARB), and calcium channel antagonists (CCB). Among them, calcium channel antagonists (CCB) have a significant antihypertensive effect and are more widely used. However, a recent study on CCB class antihypertensive drugs presented at the AACR meeting gives a different perspective. The prospective cohort study of 145,551 postmenopausal women (50-70 years old) found that women taking CCBs were 66% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer and 107% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer if they had been taking them for more than 3 years than if they had been taking other antihypertensive drugs. The study showed that long-term oral antihypertensive drugs in postmenopausal women were positively associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. In fact, as early as 1996, Pahor et al. reported that the use of CCB antihypertensive drugs in the elderly was associated with a 72% increased risk of cancer, and in 2013, the journal JAMA published a study that evaluated the association between the use of different antihypertensive drugs and invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast in postmenopausal women, which showed that long-term oral CCB antihypertensive drugs were associated with breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer was significantly increased when CCB antihypertensive drugs were used for more than 10 years. No such association was found for diuretics, B-blockers, and angiotensin receptor converting enzyme inhibitors. Currently, antihypertensive drugs are widely used in clinical practice and bring stable blood pressure to hypertensive patients, but the safety evaluation of the drugs should be continuously improved in clinical use to avoid adverse drug events, and for those who need to take CCB antihypertensive drugs for a long time, they need to consult with relevant doctors in detail to avoid the increased risk of cancer after several years.