1, what is ulcer disease: gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are collectively known as ulcer disease, is a common and frequent digestive system diseases. The formation of ulcers is clinically known as peptic ulcers because of the digestive effects of gastric acid and pepsin. About 10% of people have suffered from this disease in their lifetime, and it is more common in men. Duodenal ulcers tend to occur in young adults, while gastric ulcers develop at a later age, about ten years later on average. Duodenal ulcers are rarely cancerous, while gastric ulcers are about 20 times more likely to become cancerous than the normal population. Therefore, gastric ulcers are also more dangerous to human health. 2, ulcer patients common symptoms: upper abdominal pain is the main symptom of ulcer patients. However, the pain manifests itself differently depending on the location where the ulcer occurs. The pain of duodenal ulcer has regularity, the occurrence of pain is related to fasting and gastric acid stimulation ulcer, that is, “hunger pain”; pain also appears at night, can wake up at midnight in sleep pain, the so-called “night pain”; can be after eating or taking alkaline drugs The pain can be relieved after eating or taking alkaline drugs. The pain rhythm of gastric ulcer is not as obvious as that of duodenal ulcer, and the pain mostly occurs after meals, lasts 1-2 hours, and disappears before the next meal, and the pain at night is uncommon. In addition, the symptoms of ulcer disease include acid reflux, belching, and heartburn. There are also some ulcer patients who do not show any uncomfortable symptoms, but have bleeding or perforation as the first manifestation. Bleeding, perforation, cancer, and obstruction caused by ulcer scars are common complications for ulcer patients. 3, ulcer patients over the fall and winter this hurdle Detection of Hp: blow into the instrument, the diagnosis of ulcer disease, in addition to the patient’s abdominal pain, fullness and other medical history, the most effective method is gastroscopy. Gastroscopy not only allows direct observation and photography of the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum, but also allows biopsy under direct vision for pathological examination and detection of Hp infection. This is of great value to distinguish benign and malignant ulcers, and is also an important means to detect early gastric cancer. Sometimes the malignant manifestation of ulcers under the naked eye is not typical or very much like benign, but the biopsy pathology confirms malignancy. Therefore, regardless of whether the gastric ulcer is considered benign or malignant under visual observation, biopsy should be taken at the edge of the ulcer under gastroscopy. For cases with suspected malignant manifestations, they can be reviewed during the healing period after 3 months of treatment and biopsied again to avoid missing gastric cancer. For patients of advanced age or unsuitable for gastroscopy, barium x-ray meal can be performed, but its diagnostic value, including sensitivity and accuracy, is inferior to that of gastroscopy, and it cannot be used for pathological biopsy and detection of Hp infection. Of course, the detection of Hp infection alone can also be carried out by 13C or 14C urea breath test, blowing into the instrument to get the results, which is currently the preferred method for detecting advanced Hp infection. 4, life conditioning: eat less and more, avoid stimulation The dietary principles of ulcer disease patients should be: conducive to reducing symptoms; conducive to ulcer healing; conducive to nutritional balance. Specific attention should be paid to several aspects: (1) eat more meals, avoid too full or too hungry. If patients with gastric ulcer eat too much, it will make the gastric sinus over-dilated, gastric acid enhanced, aggravating the disease; too hungry, the gastric acid infiltrates the stomach and duodenal mucosa for a long time, leading to the development of ulcers. (2) Eat easily digestible food that contains enough heat, protein and vitamins. For example, thin rice, fine noodles, milk, soft rice, soy milk, vegetable leaves, etc. Patients whose symptoms have basically disappeared can eat normal meals, but still avoid raw, cold and hard foods, especially should not eat overly hot foods, so as not to make the blood vessels dilate to cause bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. (3) Avoid foods with excessive chemical and physical irritation to reduce the secretion of gastric acid. For example, avoid eating or eating less chili, raw onion, raw garlic, fatty meat, etc. 5. Relapse prevention: avoid triggering factors Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease with a tendency to recur, and the duration of many patients can be up to several decades. Therefore, after the ulcer has healed, an important issue is how to prevent recurrence. This issue is even more important than treating primary ulcers, because as the number of recurrent ulcers increases, the chances of ulcer bleeding, perforation, obstruction and even cancer increase. It is generally accepted that after Hp is eradicated and the ulcer is healed, famotidine or ranitidine can be taken nightly for 6 months to 1 year or even longer. This daily maintenance dose therapy is indicated for elderly patients with a history of bleeding chronic ulcers and frequent recurrences (more than 2 episodes per year). For patients aged 18 to 60 years with duodenal ulcer diagnosed by gastroscopy within the last 3 years, who have at least one acute attack per year, symptomatic self-medication (i.e., take the drug when symptoms appear and stop when they disappear) can be administered at the end of the regular course of treatment. In addition, it is the prevention for the predisposing factors, such as keeping a happy spirit, paying attention to rest, combining work and rest, quitting smoking, drinking less alcohol and paying attention to dietary regimen. 6, ulcer disease common causes “no acid is no ulcer” is the classic description of the causes of ulcer disease. Stomach acid and its associated pepsin are the main mucosal attack factors. In concert with gastric acid, pepsin produces its own digestion of the inflammation-damaged digestive tract mucosa, gradually forming gastric or duodenal ulcers. However, since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the 1980s, the classical position of gastric acid and pepsin in the etiology of ulcer disease has been shaken. In particular, a large number of studies in the last decade or so have amply demonstrated that Hp infection is the most important cause of peptic ulcers. Two of the first scholars to study Hp have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine this year. In patients with gastric ulcers, the rate of Hp infection is as high as 75-90%, and in duodenal patients, the rate of Hp infection is as high as 90-100%. Most of the patients with gastric cancer transformed from gastric ulcer have Hp infection. Therefore, in 1994, the World Health Organization announced that Hp is a type of pathogenic agent of human gastric cancer. In addition to Hp infection and excessive gastric acid, the use of NSAIDs is also an important cause of ulcer disease. Commonly used NSAIDs include antipyretic and analgesic agents such as aspirin and anti-inflammatory pain. Ulcers caused by NSAIDs are mainly gastric ulcers. Also, psychological factors such as tension, sadness, stress and other life behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, irregular meals, etc. can also contribute to the occurrence or recurrence of ulcer disease. 7, gatherings, kissing can also be infectious Hp is highly contagious, can enter the body through food and drinking water, settle on the gastric mucosa, settlement, reproduction, the formation of a number of bacterial communities, and then began to corrode the gastric mucosa, the formation of inflammatory lesions, and eventually develop into gastric ulcers. The infection rate of H. pylori in the population can be as high as 40% or more. The transmission of infection by the oral route is an important route of infection for H. pylori. The latest medical research in the United States found that the Asian habit of sharing rice bowls, chopsticks and plates makes gastric ulcers in family members very easy to cross-infection, and its incidence is much higher than in Europe and the United States, where the meal system. According to tests, each bowl and pair of chopsticks commonly used by people can be infected with more than 1600-3100 bacteria. When people share bowls and chopsticks for meals, bacteria in saliva can be cross-infected and spread through rice bowls, chopsticks and other tableware.