Spinal stenosis is generally divided into congenital (primary) spinal stenosis and acquired (secondary) spinal stenosis. By site, it is divided into cervical spinal stenosis, lumbar spinal stenosis, and thoracic spinal stenosis. By anatomical site, it can be divided into central stenosis, lateral saphenous stenosis, and neurogenic foraminal stenosis. Congenital spinal stenosis is caused by congenital narrowing of the developing spinal canal due to factors including nutrition and trauma during the growth and formation of the spine. Most patients begin asymptomatically and then, in middle age, some degenerative disease or injury to the spine results in the appearance of signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis. Acquired spinal stenosis is caused by herniated discs, vertebral hyperplasia, slipped vertebrae, and hypertrophy, calcification, or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum that irritate the spinal nerves and surrounding blood vessels, resulting in inflammatory adhesions, congestion, and edema of the neurovasculature, leading to the occurrence of spinal stenosis. Inflammatory adhesions of the neurovascular vessels, congestion and edema “swelling”, resulting in the occurrence of spinal stenosis. The main causes of spinal stenosis are the following: 1. Developmental lumbar spinal stenosis: This spinal stenosis is caused by congenital developmental abnormalities. 2. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: It is mainly caused by degenerative lesions in the spine. 3.Spinal slip lumbar spinal stenosis: When spinal slip occurs due to discontinuity or degeneration of the lumbar isthmus, the spinal canal is further narrowed due to anterior and posterior displacement of the upper and lower spinal canal, while the spinal slip can promote degeneration and aggravate spinal stenosis. 4.Traumatic spinal stenosis: Spinal stenosis is often caused by trauma to the spine, especially when the spine is fractured or dislocated due to severe trauma. 5.Medical spinal stenosis: In addition to surgical errors, the spinal fusion causes hypertrophy of the interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum or thickening of the vertebral plate in the bone graft, especially after decompression of the posterior vertebral plate and then local bone graft fusion, which results in narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the cauda equina or nerve roots, causing lumbar spinal stenosis. 6, various inflammatory diseases in the lumbar spine: including specific or non-specific inflammation, new organisms in the spinal canal or on the canal wall can cause spinal stenosis. Various deformities such as age-related hunchback, scoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis, fluorosis, Paget’s disease and vertebral joint loosening can cause spinal stenosis