Approximately five percent or more of patients with schizophrenia are clinically ineffective with commonly used medications, at conventional doses. Some have persistent symptoms; some have some residual symptoms, and some are ineffective and prolonged. What is refractory schizophrenia? It can be seen as follows: Viewpoint 1: Receiving antipsychotic drugs, with different routes of administration, adequate doses, adequate courses of treatment still did not obtain satisfactory results. Viewpoint 2: Patients with severe schizophrenia who have been treated with standard antipsychotic drugs in sufficient doses and for sufficient courses without significant effects. Viewpoint 3: Patients who have responded poorly to three antipsychotic drugs with different chemical structures in the past 5 years with adequate doses and courses of treatment; or who cannot tolerate the adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs and whose condition still relapses or worsens. Treatment: 1. Atypical antipsychotic ‘clozapine’ (optional ‘risperidone’, olanzapine) is preferred, and ‘pentafluoridol’ can be taken for those with predominantly positive symptoms. Individual cases can take a slightly higher dose than the maximum mentioned in the instructions. 2.Injections of typical long-acting antipsychotics such as ‘fluphenazine aconitine’, etc. 3.Two or three drugs combination therapy: such as ‘clozapine + aripiprazole’, clozapine + amisulpride, pentoxifylline + olanzapine, amisulpride + olanzapine, a few can amisulpride + olanzapine + pentoxifylline, etc. 4, combined with synergists, such as ‘lithium carbonate’ ‘sodium valproate’, benzodiazepines such as ‘clonazepam’. 5, the above treatment is ineffective, no serious physical disease and other contraindications, the use of ‘electroconvulsive’, or ‘no convulsive electrotherapy’.