Symptoms of phlebitis

Symptoms of phlebitis include redness and swelling of the skin, high skin temperature, tenderness, and the ability to palpate hard, streaky material. Phlebitis is divided into thrombophlebitis and non-thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis is an aseptic inflammation of the veins with thrombosis associated with hypercoagulable blood, slow blood flow and venous injury. Non-thrombophlebitis is mostly due to chemical irritation and, to a lesser extent, to bacteria. Irritating drugs infused intravenously cause irritation to the vessel walls and form phlebitis; wandering thrombotic superficial phlebitis needs to be considered in association with early visceral tumors and thrombo-occlusive vasculitis. Thrombophlebitis can appear in the veins of superficial varicose veins, with palpable hard nodes along the vessels, tenderness, surface redness, and high skin temperature. It is accompanied by manifestations of superficial varicose veins such as dilated, bulging and tortuous superficial veins. Longer disease duration may present with nutritional skin changes such as skin atrophy, desquamation, hyperpigmentation, eczema, and refractory ulcers. Because it is a non-bacterial inflammatory disease, it must not be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Symptoms of non-thrombophlebitis are red lines along the veins, high skin temperature, tenderness, fever, skin redness and swelling, etc. Patients may have a combination of fever and elevated white blood cells. Deep phlebitis may present with predominantly swollen and painful extremities that increase with walking and resolve with rest. The acute phase of phlebitis presents as linear cords along the course of the vessels with typical redness, swelling, and pain, and is easier to determine.