Enlarged duodenal papillae may be caused by physiological factors or diseases, such as duodenal papillitis and duodenal papillae cancer. Duodenal papillary hypertrophy may be caused by congenital factors, and the growth and development as well as the body structure of different individuals are often different. Some patients may have enlarged duodenal papillae due to hereditary or congenital developmental abnormalities. Patients with duodenal papillitis are infected by microorganisms and other factors, resulting in local inflammation, which can cause congestion and edema of the mucosa of duodenal papilla, thus leading to papillary hypertrophy. Patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma will have symptoms such as irregular enlargement of papillae and ulcerated erosion due to tumor invasion. When the patients are in discomfort, they should go to the hospital immediately for diagnosis and treatment as early as possible to avoid delaying the condition.