Electrolyte disorder (disorder) mainly refers to the abnormal concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and other ions in the body, which can be regulated by oral or intravenous rehydration according to the specific type of disorder.
1. Sodium metabolism disorder: ① plasma sodium concentration is less than 135mmol/L for hyponatremia. At this time, oral sugar saline, if necessary, intravenous sodium supplementation. ② hypernatremia: blood sodium concentration greater than 145mmol / L for hypernatremia. It should be hydrated in time, and the amount of water supplementation should be monitored and calculated if necessary.
2. Disorders of potassium metabolism: ① serum potassium less than 3.5mmol/L is hypokalemia. Blood potassium in 3.0 ~ 3.5mmol / L general condition is good when you can eat food containing more potassium or oral potassium preparations; below 3.0mmol / L should be intravenous potassium supplementation. ②Serum potassium higher than 5.5mmol / L for hyperkalemia. In case of emergency, 10% calcium gluconate should be pushed intravenously immediately to eliminate the abnormal heart rhythm that may be brought about, and hypertonic glucose and insulin should be injected intravenously at the same time.
3. Calcium metabolism disorders: ① Blood calcium concentration is lower than 2.2mmol/L for hypocalcemia. In severe cases, 10% calcium chloride or 10% calcium gluconate can be injected intravenously; in mild cases, high-calcium diet or oral calcium. Blood calcium concentration higher than 2.75mmol / L for hypercalcemia. Acute patients can be intravenous saline plus laxative diuretic; chronic patients can control the calcium content of the diet, while oral bisphosphonates.
A variety of physiological and pathological factors can lead to various types of electrolyte disorders, which should be corrected promptly under the guidance of doctors.